Computer knowledge

Computer Error

2009-06-26T22:29:00.000-07:00

Windows XP Stop Errors

Stop errors can be caused by just about anything, including poor quality audio drivers, incompatible video drivers, bad or corrupt hard disks, and faulty hardware such as bad RAM, dying motherboards, failing power supplies, etc. Stop errors may be triggered by an event such as plugging in a USB device, or they may appear to occur at regular intervals, or in association with some other event. Sometimes a stop error might appear to be completely random. If a stop error identifies a driver, the fault may not lie with the driver that was reported. Worse still, some errors can mask other critical errors, which means you fix one stop error and get another in return. In short, a stop error may be a symptom of some other problem. The real problem is to find the root cause.

Tips to Help Track the Problem Down
0x00000003 UNSYNCHRONIZED_ACCESS
0x05 INVALID_PROCESS_ATTACH_ATTEMPT
0x0000000A IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL 0xA
0x0000001E KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED 0x1E
0x00000023 FAT_FILE_SYSTEM & 0x00000024 NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM
0x0000002E DATA_BUS_ERROR 0x2E
0x0000003F NO_MORE_SYSTEM_PTES 0x3F
0x00000044 MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTS
0x00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA 0x50
0x00000051- 0x51
0x0000006B PROCESS1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED
0x00000073 CONFIG_LIST_FAILED 0x73
0x00000074 BAD_SYSTEM_CONFIG_INFO 0x74
0x00000076 PROCESS_HAS_LOCKED_PAGES
0x00000077 KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR 0x77_HAL 0x79
0x0000007A KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR 0x7A_BOOT_DEVICE 0x7B
0x0000007E SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED 0x7E
0x0000007FUNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED
0x0000009C MACHINE_CHECK_EXCEPTION 0x9C
0x0000009F_POWER_STATE_FAILURE ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY BAD_POOL_CALLER0xC2
0x000000C4 DRIVER_VERIFIER_DETECTED_
0x000000CA PNP_DETECTED_FATAL_
0x000000CEDRIVER_UNLOADED_WITHOUT_CANCELLING... DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL0xD1
0x000000D5 DRIVER_PAGE_FAULT_IN_FREED_SPECIAL_POOL
0x000000D8 DRIVER_USED_EXCESSIVE_PTES
0x000000E3 - 0xE3
0x000000EA THREAD_STUCK_IN_DEVICE_DRIVER 0xEA
0x000000ED UNMOUNTABLE_BOOT_VOLUME 0xED
0x000000F2 HARDWARE_INTERRUPT_STORM 0xF2
0x000000F4 - 0xF4
0x000000FE BUGCODE_USB_DRIVER - 0xFE
0x4000008A 0xC000021A STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED 0x21A
0xC0000218 UNKNOWN_HARD_ERROR 0x218 & C0000135
0xC0000221 STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH 0x221
0xC0000244 STATUS_AUDIT_FAILED
0xC000026C 0xC0000415

Tips to help track the problem down
If a Stop error is preventing you from starting Windows XP, see Cannot Start Windows XP on this site before you try anything else.

Use Troubleshooting ToolsUse device manager to remove device drivers.Use msconfig to disable services associated with any hardware and startup services that are not essential.You may also find these articles helpful:
Windows XP Resource Kit: Troubleshooting the Startup Process
Resources for troubleshooting startup problems in Windows XP
How to troubleshoot hardware and software driver problems in Windows XP

Use Diagnostics TechniquesSiSoftware Sandra (the System ANalyser, Diagnostic and Reporting Assistant) - Sandra Lite is free for personal use. x64 is supported.Perform RAM Error CheckingQuite often, stop errors are associated with dud RAM. That includes main memory, video and CPU cache memory. If you have more than one stick of RAM, start ripping the sticks out one at a time. If you only have one stick, you will need to find someone who can help you out with a spare stick that fits your machine.Corrupt disks and viruses can cause all kinds of stop errors. Perform Virus Checking, even if you don't believe you have a virus or other malware, eliminate it as a cause early. Also perform disk error checking.Support WebCast: Basic "Blue Screen" Error TroubleshootingIn this session, we will cover the basics of "blue screen" errors, what they mean, and some common methods to troubleshoot the problems. We will provide some background information about blue screen errors, and we will talk about how to interpret the information, as well as how to recover from these errors.If you believe that you have a memory problem, try How to Troubleshoot RAM Installations.

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Think About Getting DesperateRemove any new hardware such as RAM, hard disks and modems, etc.Disable any new drivers and remove any recently installed software.

Get DesperateDisable all BIOS caching and speed-up options.Disable power management.If you are over-clocking, don't.Try a standard Microsoft VGA driver.Ensure drivers and BIOS are the latest versions.Visit the manufacturer’s website and try to locate up-to-date drivers.

Tear Your Hair OutDisable any disk intensive applications such as antivirus software, disk or file defragmenters and backup programs.Check the Event Viewer to see if there are any additional errors or warnings that might provide a clue.

Tear Someone Else's Hair OutTake the machine to a dealer.

0x00000003 UNSYNCHRONIZED_ACCESS - 0x03
You receive a "Stop 0x00000003" error message on your Windows XP-based computerYour Microsoft Windows XP-based computer stops responding unexpectedly, and you receive a Stop error message that is similar to the following:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...Technical information:*** STOP: 0x00000003 (0x03C91000, 0x00000134, 0x00000CF0, 0x00000000)UNSYNCHRONIZED_ACCESSNote The four parameters in this error message may vary based on the cause of the Stop error.When you use Event Viewer, you may see that an access violation in the Vidcap.ax Universal Video Class (UVC) driver file is logged.
0x05 INVALID_PROCESS_ATTACH_ATTEMPT

You receive the Stop error "Stop 0x05 (INVALID_PROCESS_ATTACH_ATTEMPT)" in Windows XP Service Pack 2 or Windows Server 2003A computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2), Microsoft Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005, or Microsoft Windows Server 2003 unexpectedly stops. Additionally, the following Stop error message appears on a blue screen:Stop 0x05 (INVALID_PROCESS_ATTACH_ATTEMPT)Note: The Windows XP SP2 features and components are included in Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005.Note: In typical Microsoft style, the error code for this message is 0x05, which is not standard in comparison to other stop error codes.
0x0000000A IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL 0xA
Drivers are using improper memory addresses. Check for buggy device drivers.Note: Stop 0x0000000A IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL messages are very similar to 0x000000D1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL messages and the same troubleshooting principles apply. If you cannot resolve your 0x0000000A IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL then try the 0x000000D1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL section.

Stop error message when you run a filter driver that calls the "CmRegisterCallback" routine to register a "RegistryCallback" routine on a Windows XP SP2-based computer: "STOP: 0x0000000A"On a Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2)-based computer, you run a filter driver that calls the CmRegisterCallback routine to register a RegistryCallback routine. In this situation, Windows XP with SP2 may crash. When this problem occurs, you receive a stop error message that resembles the following:STOP: 0x0000000A (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

Windows XP Generates a "Stop 0xA0" Error Message During HibernationWhen you try to hibernate a Windows XP-based computer, you may receive a "Stop 0xA0" error message on a blue screen.

How to debug a system after you receive Stop Error IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (0xA)This article describes how to use a sample debugging session to determine the specific driver that is causing the following error message:Stop Error IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (0xA)

Troubleshooting a Stop 0x0000000A error in Windows XPYou may receive the following Stop error message during or after the installation of Microsoft Windows XP:Stop: 0x0000000A (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4)IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL*** Address x has base at x - filenameThe parameters refer to the specific issues that are involved.

"Stop 0x0000000A" Error Message When You Fast Switch Between UsersAfter you use the Fast User Switching feature to change users on a Windows XP-based computer, the computer may restart or you may receive the following error message if the new user attempts to use the special buttons on the keyboard:IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALStop 0x0000000a (0x0227001d, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0x804eba3a)NOTE: The first and fourth parameters in the error message may be different, depending on the computer.

"STOP 0x0000000A" Error Message When You Change from AC Power to DC PowerWhen you change between AC power and DC power on your laptop computer, you may receive a "STOP 0x0000000A" error message on a blue screen. This is more likely to occur when you unplug or re-plug the power supply into the computer while it is in Standby mode, and then resuming.

"Fatal System Error" When You Try to Use a Hewlett-Packard 5100C ScanJetWhen you try to use a Hewlett-Packard (HP) 5100C ScanJet scanner, you may receive the following stop message:Stop: 0x0000000a (0x8061D594, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0x805BFD2B)

"Stop 0x0000000A Irql_Not_Less_or_Equal" Error Message During Windows XP UpgradeWhen you are upgrading your computer from Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition (Me) to Windows XP, you may receive the following error message:Stop 0x0000000A irql_not_less_or_equal

Windows XP restarts when you try to shut down your computerWhen you shut down your Microsoft Windows XP-based computer, your computer may restart instead of shutting down, and a Stop error may briefly appear before the computer restarts.

Computer Automatically Restarts After You Upgrade to Windows XPAfter you upgrade your computer (with Easy CD Creator Platinum 5.02b and the DirectCD component installed) to Windows XP, you may experience one of the following symptoms: Your computer may automatically restart when you try to shut down; When you shut down your computer, you may receive the following error message on a blue screen:STOP 0x0000000A (0x000002DC, 0X000000FF, 0X00000000, 0X804E9D48) IRQ_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

You may receive a "Stop" error message on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, Windows Small Business Server 2003, Small Business Server 2000, or Windows XPYou may receive an error message on your computer that is running Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Microsoft Windows Small Business Server 2003, Microsoft Small Business Server 2000, or Microsoft Windows XP. When this issue occurs, your computer may stop responding. (STOP 0x0000007b or STOP 0x0000000a, with Pqv2i.sys driver [V2i Protector 2.0] from Symantec)

You may receive a Stop error message after you insert media into a removable disk device in Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, or Windows 2000You may receive a Stop error message after you insert media into a removable disk device that is connected to a computer that is running one of the following operating systems: Microsoft Windows Server 2003; Microsoft Windows XP; Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional. The message may also occur if you start the computer when a removable disk device that contains media is connected to the computer. The Stop error message is similar to one of the following messages:STOP 0x0000000A (0x00000004, 0x0000001c, 0x00000001, 0x804324ac)STOP 0x000000D1 (0xffffff20, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xbfe5d810)STOP 0x000000C4 (0x00000013, 0x00000fb6, 0x88efb2c0, 0x00000000)STOP 0x00000050 (0xff391000, 0x00000001, 0x804d1017, 0x00000000)Note The parameters for these Stop error messages may vary.

"Stop" Error Message When You Start Windows XP by Using the /3GB SwitchIf you start Microsoft Windows XP by using the /3GB switch, you may receive a "Stop" error message that is similar to one of the following:Stop 0x50 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREAStop 0x0A IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

Stop error message in Windows XP with Service Pack 2: "STOP 0x0000001a: MEMORY_MANAGEMENT" or "STOP 0x0000000a: IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL"A computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP with Service Pack 2 crashes. You may receive one of the following Stop error messages:Error message 1STOP 0x0000001a: MEMORY_MANAGEMENTError message 2STOP 0x0000000a: IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

A Computer May Hang During a Heavy Load with an Ericsson HIS Modemf you connect to the Internet by using an Ericsson HIS modem, your computer may stop responding (hang) during a heavy load. When this occurs, you receive the following Stop code: IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL or DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL

Error message when you use an IEEE 1394-based scanner on a computer that is running Windows XP 64-bit, Windows Server 2003, or Windows Vista: 0x0000000A or 0x000000BEWhen you use an IEEE 1394-based scanner and run a 32-bit scanning program on a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP 64-bit, Microsoft Windows Server 2003, you receive an error message on a blue screen that resembles one of the following:0x0000000A: IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL0x000000BE: ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORYThis problem occurs when the scanning program calls the DeviceIoControl function to send a IOCTL_SCSISCAN_CMD control code to the kernel mode driver.In Windows Vista, you may not experience the blue screen. When your scanning program calls the DeviceIoControl function to send an IOCTL_SCSISCAN_CMD control code to the kernel mode driver in Windows Vista, this call may not be completed successfully, and your scanning program does not work as expected. The exact symptom that is observed in the user interface depends on how your scanning software works when the DeviceIoControl function fails.

You receive a Stop error when the operating system sends an interrupt signal on a Windows XP SP1-based computerWhen the operating system sends an interrupt signal on a Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 1-based computer, you may receive a Stop error that is similar to the following:STOP: Ox0000000a in HalpDismissLevel

STOP 0x0000001D or STOP 0x000000A Stop Error Occurs in Ndis.sysWhen you change the IPX frame type for your network connection from Auto Detect to any other IPX frame type, you may receive a "STOP 0x0000001D" or "STOP 0x000000A" Stop error that occurs in Ndis.sys.This problem may occur if you installed the NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport protocol on your computer and you are using the Driver Verifier Manager to troubleshoot your Ndis.sys driver's Special Pool feature.

0x0000001E KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED
A kernel mode process tried to execute an illegal or unknown processor instruction.

"STOP 0x0000001E" Error Message During Windows SetupWhen you run Windows XP Setup, you may receive an error message similar to the following: STOP: 0x0000001E (0x80000003, 0xBFC0304, 0x0000000, 0x0000001)[bugcheck code] ([1] [2] [3] [4])

"STOP 0x0000001E KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED" Error Message from Aspi32.sysWhen you are using Windows XP, the following error message may be displayed:STOP 0x0000001E KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLEDThe STOP screen lists Aspi32.sys as the source of the STOP error.

STOP 0x1E in Win32k.sys Error May Occur in Windows 2000 or Windows XP ProfessionalWhen you run Windows 2000 or Windows XP Professional, you may receive the following error message:STOP 0x0000001E (c00000005, 000000000, 000000000, 000000000)Note The last three sets of numbers in the error message may vary.

STOP 0X0000001E in Protcls.sys When You Undock a Toshiba Tecra 8100After you upgrade the factory-installed Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system on a Toshiba Tecra 8100 to Microsoft Windows XP, when you attempt to undock (eject) the Toshiba Tecra 8100 from a docking station, you may receive one of the following stop messages:STOP 0x00000050 (0xFF000087, 0x00000000, 0xBFD38104, 0x00000000)STOP 0X0000001E (0X???????, 0X???????, 0X??????, 0X???????) Note: The parameters may vary, but the specific stops "0X1e" and "0x50" do not.

When you use a 32-bit program to print a document from a 64-bit version of Microsoft Windows, you may receive a Stop error messageWhen you use a 32-bit program to print a document from a 64-bit version of Microsoft Windows, you may receive a Stop error message that is similar to one of the following:STOP 0x0000001E (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLEDSTOP 0x00000050 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREASTOP 0x000000D5 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_PAGE_FAULT_IN_FREED_SPECIAL_POOL.Note The parameter values vary. The problem may occur only occasionally because the timing of the issue is very specific.

"STOP 0x0000001E KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED" Error Message from Aspi32.sysWhen you are using Windows XP, the following error message may be displayed:STOP 0x0000001E KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLEDThe STOP screen lists Aspi32.sys as the source of the STOP error.

"STOP 0x00000051" or "STOP 0x0000001E" error message when you start Configuration Manager in Windows 2000 Server or in Windows XPWhen you start Configuration Manager on a Microsoft Windows 2000 Server-based computer or on a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer, you may receive either of the following error messages on a blue screen:STOP 0x00000051 (0x0000000c, 0xc0000005, 0x????????, 0x????????)STOP 0x0000001E,{0xc0000005, 0x8046c40e, 0x00000000, 0x????????}Note Each "?" character represents a variable value.

"Bugcheck 0x1E" Error Message When You Switch Flight Simulator 2000 Professional to Full-Screen ModeWhen you try to switch the Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000 Professional Edition window to full-screen mode, the computer may crash, generating the following error message:Bugcheck 0x1EThe computer has the latest Windows 2000 video driver, an NVIDIA RIVA TNT2 Ultra video adapter, and the Flight Simulator 2000 update patch installed.Note: This articles refers to win2k video drivers but is applicable to XP.

0x00000023 FAT_FILE_SYSTEM & 0x00000024 NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM
A problem occurred in the file system. Usually this error is caused by disk corruption or disk defragmenters.

"Stop 0x23" error message when you run a script that uses the DiskPart tool to delete a partition in Windows XPWhen you use the DiskPart.exe tool to delete a partition, you may receive a "Stop 0x23" error message on a blue screen. This error may occur when you run a script that uses the DiskPart.exe tool to delete a partition.
Stop error message when you suddenly remove a storage device from a computer that is running Windows XP: "STOP 0x00000023 FAT_FILE_SYSTEM"A computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP may stop responding when you suddenly remove a storage device. For example, the computer may stop responding if you suddenly remove a Secure Digital card from a USB card reader. When this problem occurs, you receive a Stop error message that resembles the following:STOP 0x00000023 FAT_FILE_SYSTEM (Param1, Param2, Param3, Parame4)

Also see: Troubleshooting Stop 0x24 or NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM Error Messages, which is for win2k, however the information in the article is generic and can be applied to XP.

Stop error message when you insert and then remove a removable storage media on a Windows XP-based computer: "STOP 0x00000023"You insert and then remove a removable storage media, such as a Secure Digital (SD) card, on a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer. You receive a Stop error message in Fastfat.sys that resembles the following:STOP 0x00000023 (Parameter1, Parameter2, Parameter3, Parameter4)FAT_FILE_SYSTEM

0x0000002E DATA_BUS_ERROR
System memory has a parity error.

The Stop 0x2E message indicates a system memory parity error. The cause is typically failed or defective RAM (including motherboard, Level 2 cache, or video memory), incompatible or mismatched memory hardware, or when a device driver attempts to access an address in the 0x8xxxxxxx range that does not exist (does not map to a physical address). A Stop 0x2E message may also indicate hard disk damage caused by viruses or other problems.If Shadow RAM is enabled, try disabling it.If new RAM has been added, remove it.

0x0000003F NO_MORE_SYSTEM_PTES
A driver did not release Page Table Entries.The Stop 0x3F message indicates one or more of the following problems:
The system Page Table Entries (PTEs) are depleted or fragmented due to the system performing a large number of input/output (I/O) actions.
A faulty device driver is not managing memory properly. An application, such as a backup program, is improperly allocating large amounts of kernel memory.

How to troubleshoot "STOP 0x0000003F" and "STOP 0x000000D8" error messages in Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000Your Windows Server 2003-based, Windows XP-based, or Windows 2000-based computer may generate one of the following error messages on a blue screen:STOP: 0x0000003F (0xA,0xB,0xC,0xD)NO_MORE_SYSTEM_PTESSTOP: 0x000000D8 (0xW,0xX,0xY,0xZ)DRIVER_USED_EXCESSIVE_PTESThis article describes how to troubleshoot these error messages.

0x00000044 MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTS
Error message when you resume a Windows XP-based computer from hibernation after you apply hotfix 918005: "Stop 0x00000044"Consider the following scenario:
On a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer, you apply the hotfix that is described in the following Microsoft Knowledge Base (KB) article:
918005 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/918005/) Battery power may drain more quickly than you expect on a Windows XP SP2-based portable computer
You put the computer into hibernation (the S4 sleep state).
You resume the computer from hibernation. In this scenario, the computer crashes. Additionally, you receive a Stop error message that resembles the following:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer. MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTSTechnical information:*** STOP: 0x00000044 (0xFB8AA008, 0x00001BBF, 0x00000000, 0x00000000)

You receive a "Stop 0x00000044 MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTS" error message on Windows XP ProfessionalMicrosoft Windows XP Professional may stop unexpectedly, and you may receive an error message that is similar to the following error message:STOP 0x00000044 (0x822ad2a0, 0x00000d60, 0x00000000, 0x00000000) MULTIPLE_IRP_COMPLETE_REQUESTS.

0x00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA
Drivers are using improper memory addresses.As odd as it may seem, if this error occurs in a Remote Desktop or Terminal Services session, check third-party printer drivers.

You receive a "STOP: 0x00000050" error message when you try to upgrade to Windows XP Service Pack 2 or to Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005When you upgrade your computer to Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or to Microsoft Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005, when you restart your computer during the installation, the computer stops unexpectedly and you receive the following error message: A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer... Technical information:*** STOP: 0x00000050 (0x905108010, 0x00000000, 0x80509443, 0x00000000) PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA

A diagnostic program may immediately close and you may receive a "STOP 0x00000050" or "STOP 0x0000000A" error message in Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, or Windows XPWhen you try to run one of the following diagnostic programs, the program may immediately close:
Registry Editor (Regedit.exe)
Task Manager (Taskmgr.exe)
System Configuration Utility (Msconfig.exe)
System Information (Msinfo32.exe) You may also experience any one of the following symptoms:
The computer automatically restarts
After you log on, you receive the following error message Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error. A log of this error has been created. Please tell Microsoft about this problem. We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous. To see what data this error report contains, click here.

Windows crashes and you receive a 0x50 Stop error message when you copy an image to the clipboard in Windows Server 2003 or Windows XPIn Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and in Microsoft Windows XP, when you copy an image to the clipboard, Windows may crash. In this scenario, you receive the following Stop error message:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...Technical information:*** STOP: 0x00000050 (bc7cf000, 00000000, bf964404, 00000001)Note The parameters in this error message may vary depending on the location in memory where this Stop error occurred.

Easy CD Creator 5.0 Does Not Function In Windows XPWhen you try to use Roxio Easy CD Creator 5.0, any of the following symptoms may occur:
Your computer may automatically restart, stop responding (hang), or
May stop functioning correctly
After you log on, you receive the following error message Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error. A log of this error has been created. Please tell Microsoft about this problem. We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous. To see what data this error report contains, click here.You may receive a "Stop" error message that is similar to one of the following error messages:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...Technical information:*** STOP: 0x00000050: (0xAAAAAAAA, 0xBBBBBBBB, 0xCCCCCCCC, 0xDDDDDDDD)PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREAA problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...*** STOP: 0x0000007E: (0xAAAAAAAA, 0xBBBBBBBB, 0xCCCCCCCC, 0xDDDDDDDD)SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLEDAfter you receive this error message, your computer restarts.

Error Message: STOP 0x00000050 (0xffffffe0, 0x00000001, 0xf30da010, 0x00000000) PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREAYou may experience any of the following symptoms:
Your computer automatically restarts
After you log on, you receive the following error message: Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error. A log of this error has been created. Please tell Microsoft about this problem. We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous. To see what data this error report contains, click here.If the error message still appears and if you want to see the data that the error report contains, click the "click here" link at the bottom of the message box.You then see error signature information that may be similar to:BCCode : 00000050 BCP1 : 0xffffffe0 BCP2 : 0x00000001 BCP3 : 0xf30da010 BCP4 : 0x00000000 OSVer : 5_1_2600 SP : 0_0 Product : 256_1You receive the following stop error message on a blue screen:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computerTechnical information:*** STOP: 0x00000050 (0xffffffe0, 0x0x00000001, 0xf30da010, 0x00000000)PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA

The computer may automatically restart, or you may receive a "serious error" message or a Stop error message in Windows Server 2003, in Windows XP, or in Windows 2000You may experience one of more of the following symptoms: The computer automatically restarts; After you log on, you receive the following error message:Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error. A log of this error has been created. Please tell Microsoft about this problem. We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous. To see what data this error report contains, click here.If the error message remains on the screen, click the "click here" link at the bottom of the message box if you want to see the data that the error report contains.If you do this, you see error signature information that may be similar to the following: BCCode : 00000050 BCP1 : 0xeb7ff002 BCP2 : 0x00000000 BCP3 : 0x8054af32 BCP4 : 0x00000001 OSVer : 5_1_2600 SP : 0_0 Product : 256_1You receive the following Stop error message:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to the computer Technical information:STOP: 0x00000050 (0xeb7ff002, 0x00000000, 0x8054af32, 0x00000001)PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA nt!ExFreePoolWithTag+237

The HaxDoor virus may cause a "STOP 0x00000050" or "STOP 0x0000008e" error messageYou may experience one or more of the following symptoms on a Microsoft Windows Server 2003-based, Microsoft Windows XP-based, or Microsoft Windows 2000-based computer:
The computer automatically restarts
After you log on, you receive the following error message: Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error. A log of this error has been created. Please tell Microsoft about this problem. We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous. To see what data this error report contains, click here.

A Stop 0x00000050 error may occur in Scsiport.sys when you try to add a SCSI device or a PCI storage device to a computer that is running Windows XP Service Pack 2When you try to add a small computer system interface (SCSI) device or a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) storage device to a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2), a Stop 0x00000050 error may occur in Scsiport.sys.

When you use a 32-bit program to print a document from a 64-bit version of Microsoft Windows, you may receive a Stop error messageWhen you use a 32-bit program to print a document from a 64-bit version of Microsoft Windows, you may receive a Stop error message that is similar to one of the following:STOP 0x0000001E (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLEDSTOP 0x00000050 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREASTOP 0x000000D5 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_PAGE_FAULT_IN_FREED_SPECIAL_POOL.Note The parameter values vary. The problem may occur only occasionally because the timing of the issue is very specific.

STOP Error When You Start Windows After You Connect a ScannerWhen you try to add a small computer system interface (SCSI) device or a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) storage device to a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2), a Stop 0x00000050 error may occur in Scsiport.sys.

"Stop" Error Message When You Start Windows XP by Using the /3GB SwitchIf you start Microsoft Windows XP by using the /3GB switch, you may receive a "Stop" error message that is similar to one of the following:Stop 0x50 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREAStop 0x0A IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

STOP 0X00000050 in Protcls.sys When You Undock a Toshiba Tecra 8100After you upgrade the factory-installed Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system on a Toshiba Tecra 8100 to Microsoft Windows XP, when you attempt to undock (eject) the Toshiba Tecra 8100 from a docking station, you may receive one of the following stop messages:STOP 0x00000050 (0xFF000087, 0x00000000, 0xBFD38104, 0x00000000)STOP 0X0000001E (0X???????, 0X???????, 0X??????, 0X???????)Note: The parameters may vary, but the specific stops "0x1E" and "0x50" do not.

"STOP 0x00000050" error message during Windows XP setupWhen you install Microsoft Windows XP, you may receive a Stop Error message that is similar to one of the following while the Setup program is running:STOP 0x0000008eSTOP 0x00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NON_PAGED_AREAAdditionally, if you troubleshoot by removing all unnecessary hardware devices that are installed on the computer, and then you run the Setup program, you may receive an error message that is similar to the following: Setup cannot copy the file Setupdd.sys.

0x00000051 - 0x51
"STOP 0x00000051" or "STOP 0x0000001E" error message when you start Configuration Manager in Windows 2000 Server or in Windows XPWhen you start Configuration Manager on a Microsoft Windows 2000 Server-based computer or on a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer, you may receive either of the following error messages on a blue screen:STOP 0x00000051 (0x0000000c, 0xc0000005, 0x????????, 0x????????)STOP 0x0000001E,{0xc0000005, 0x8046c40e, 0x00000000, 0x????????}Note Each "?" character represents a variable value.
0x0000006B PROCESS1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED
"Stop 0x0000006b" or Setup stops responding at "Setup is starting Windows" when you install a Windows XP SP1 client image from a Windows 2000-based RIS serverIf you try to install a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 image, or a Microsoft Windows XP client image with slipstreamed Windows XP Service Pack 1 (SP1) or Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) from a Remote Installation Services (RIS) server, Setup stops responding at the "Setup is Starting Windows" message. Or, you may receive the following Stop error message on a blue screen:STOP: 0x0000006b (0xC000020A, 0x00000002, 0x0000000, 0x00000000) PROCESS1_INITIALIZATION_FAILEDNote: The four parameters that are inside the parentheses can vary according to the configuration of the computer.

mailto:5118@ind:Xp/Client/Boot/Setup/Setup.cWhen you are upgrading to Windows XP, you may receive the following error message:An unexpected error (768) occurred at line 5118 in \xpclient\base\boot\setup\setup.c Press any key to continue.Once you hit any key, the system then starts to load Windows, after which you receive the following:A problem has been detected and windows has been shutdown to prevent damage to your computer. PROCESS1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED Note: It is not known if this particular error message is related STOP: 0x0000006B. The referenced article may contain extraneous text.

STOP: 0x0000006B "PROCESS1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED" error message when you try to upgrade to XPWhen you try to repair your Windows XP installation or when your computer first restarts after you upgrade to Windows XP, you may receive the following STOP error message on a blue-screen:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer.PROCESS1_INITIALIZATION_FAILEDIf this is the first time you've seen this Stop error screen, restart your computer. If this screen appears again, follow these steps:Check to make sure any new hardware or software is properly installed. If this is a new installation, ask your hardware or software manufacturer for any Windows updates you might need.If problems continue, disable or remove any newly installed hardware or software. Disable BIOS memory options such as caching or shadowing. If you need to use Safe Mode to remove or disable components, restart your computer, press F8 to select Advanced Startup Options, and then select Safe Mode.Technical information:*** STOP: 0x0000006B (0x0000003A, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0x00000000)

0x00000073 CONFIG_LIST_FAILED
Problem with core registry hives.This Stop error indicates that one of the core Windows system hives (the SAM hive, the SECURITY hive, the SOFTWARE hive, or the DEFAULT hive) cannot be linked in the Windows registry. However, this error does not mean that the hive is damaged or that it was not loaded successfully.

You receive a "STOP 0x00000073 CONFIG_LIST_FAILED" error message in Windows 2000 or in Windows XPYou receive a Stop error message that is similar to the following message:STOP: 0x00000073 (0x00000001, 0xc000017d, 0x00000002, 0xfc96fcc0)CONFIG_LIST_FAILED

0x00000074 BAD_SYSTEM_CONFIG_INFO
Faulty or misconfigured RAM.

"STOP 0x00000074 BAD_SYSTEM_CONFIG_INFO" Error Message When You Start Your ComputerWhen you start your Windows XP-based computer, you may receive a STOP error message on a blue screen that is similar to the following error message:STOP 0x00000074 (0x00000003, 0x00000002, 0x80087000) BAD_SYSTEM_CONFIG_INFOWhen you try to start your computer from the Windows XP CD-ROM, you may receive the following error message:The following file is corrupted: toside.sys
0x00000076 PROCESS_HAS_LOCKED_PAGES
You Receive Stop Error 0x00000076 or 0x000000CB When You Quit Your Backup SoftwareWhen you quit your backup software in Windows 2000 or Windows XP, you may receive a stop error on a blue screen that is similar to one of the following stop errors:0x00000076 (PROCESS_HAS_LOCKED_PAGES)Or0x000000CB (DRIVER_LEFT_LOCKED_PAGES_IN_PROCESS)
"STOP 0x00000076 - PROCESS_HAS_LOCKED_PAGES" error message in Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003, Standard EditionA Windows 2000-based computer may display one of the following error messages on a blue screen:STOP: 0x00000076 (0xY,0xY,0xY,0xY) PROCESS_HAS_LOCKED_PAGESSTOP: 0x000000CB (0xY,0xY,0xY,0xY) DRIVER_LEFT_LOCKED_PAGES_IN_PROCESSThe parameters in these error messages vary, depending on the programs in use and the system configuration.Note: This article refers to win2k, however it is applicable to Microsoft Windows XP Professional.

0x00000077 KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR
Kernel data could not be read from the paging file into memory.The Stop 0x77 message indicates that a page of kernel data requested from the paging (virtual memory) file could not be found or read into memory. This Stop message can also indicate disk hardware failure, disk data corruption, or possible virus infection.

Common Causes of STOP Messages 0x00000077 and 0x0000007ASTOP Messages 0x00000077 and 0x0000007A are related kernel traps that are caused when the operating system tries to load a page into memory from the paging file on the hard disk, but cannot access the page because of either a software or hardware failure.

Troubleshooting "Stop 0x00000077" or "KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR"When you are running Windows XP, you may receive the following error message: Stop 0x00000077 KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR This article describes how to troubleshoot these error messages.

0x00000079 MISMATCHED_HAL
Incorrect Hardware Abstraction Layer.The Stop 0x79 message indicates that the hardware abstraction layer (HAL) and the kernel type for the computer do not match. This error most often occurs when ACPI firmware settings are changed. For example, you might install Windows XP Professional on an x86-based computer with the firmware ACPI enable option enabled and later decide to disable it. This error can also result when you try to run an existing installation on new hardware.

How to move a Windows installation to different hardwareThe source and destination computers must use the same type of HAL. There is one exception to this rule. If one of the computers contains the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) multiprocessor HAL, the other computer can have the ACPI uniprocessor HAL. The same rule applies to MPS multiprocessor and MPS uniprocessor HALs.
HAL options after Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 SetupThis article describes Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) options that are listed in Device Manager and the options that are available after you run Microsoft Windows XP Setup or Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Setup.

How to force a Hardware Abstraction Layer during upgrade or installation of Windows XPThis article describes how to force in a system Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) during an upgrade or an installation of Microsoft Windows XP.

0x0000007A KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR
The requested page of kernel data from the paging file could not be read into memory.The Stop 0x7A message indicates that a page of kernel data was not found in the paging (virtual memory) file and could not be read into memory. This might be due to incompatible or defective disk drivers, firmware, or hardware, bad sector in a paging file, a virus, or failing RAM.

Common Causes of STOP Messages 0x00000077 and 0x0000007ASTOP Messages 0x00000077 and 0x0000007A are related kernel traps that are caused when the operating system tries to load a page into memory from the paging file on the hard disk, but cannot access the page because of either a software or hardware failure.

Connecting a hard disk drive in slave only mode leads to system halt during resume from standbyA computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP or a later operating system stops responding during resume from standby, and you receive one of the following stop error messages: KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR0x0000007a (e163a3e4,c000000e,bf8e9313,0697f860)0x000000F4 (0x00000003, Parameter2, Parameter3, Parameter4)

0x0000007B INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE
A problem occurred during the initialization of the I/O system; often the startup device or the file system. Windows XP lost access to the system volume or boot volume during the startup process.Initialisation of the I/O system failed (usually the boot device or the file system), Windows lost access to the system volume or boot volume during the startup process. This error always occurs while the system is starting and is often caused by one of the following:
Hardware problems
e.g. A failed boot device
Corrupted or incompatible storage drivers
SCSI, RAID, UDMA IDE, SATA
File system problems
Boot sector viruses
Outdated firmware During I/O system initialisation, this error can occur when the controller or driver for the startup device (typically the hard disk) failed to initialise the necessary hardware; The file system initialisation failed because the system did not recognise the data on the boot device.This error can also be caused by an incorrect Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) path in BOOT.INI. ARC paths are used to define the path to the Windows installation on Intel x86-processor-based machines. See: BOOT.INI and ARC Path Naming Conventions and Usage.

"STOP 0x0000007B: INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE" error message when you start your computer from a WinPE CD-ROM or from a Windows Server 2003 CD-ROM by using a USB CD-ROM deviceWhen you start your computer from a Microsoft Windows Preinstall Environment (WinPE) CD-ROM, or from a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 CD-ROM, by using a USB CD-ROM device, the computer may restart. You may receive the following Stop error message on a blue screen:STOP 0x0000007B: INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICEFatal System Error

How to troubleshoot "Stop 0x0000007B" errors in Windows XPWhen you start your computer, you may receive one of the following error messages:STOP: 0x0000007B (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4)INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICESetup has encountered a fatal error that prevents it from continuing. Contact your product support representative for assistance. The following status will assist them in diagnosing the problem. (0x4, 0x1, 0, 0) Setup cannot continue. Power down or reboot your computer now.

"STOP 0x0000007B" error message when you restart your Windows XP-based computerWhen you start your Microsoft Windows XP-based computer after you replace the motherboard on the computer, you may receive a Stop error message that is similar to the following:STOP 0x0000007B INACCESSABLE_BOOT_DEVICE

You receive a Stop 0x0000007B error after you move the Windows XP system disk to another computerAfter you move the Microsoft Windows XP system (boot) disk to a backup computer, you may receive the following Stop error when you try to start the Windows XP-based backup computer:STOP: 0x0000007B (0xF741B84C, 0xC0000034, 0x00000000, 0x00000000)INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE

STOP 0x7B error after you remove or reinstall Roxio Easy CD Creator 5 Platinum EditionWhen you restart your computer after you remove Roxio Easy CD Creator 5 Platinum Edition, you may receive a STOP error message on a blue screen that is similar to the following:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer.*** STOP: 0x0000007B (0xF9E62640, 0xC0000034, 0x00000000, 0x00000000)

You may receive a "Stop" error message on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, Windows Small Business Server 2003, Small Business Server 2000, or Windows XPYou may receive an error message on your computer that is running Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Microsoft Windows Small Business Server 2003, Microsoft Small Business Server 2000, or Microsoft Windows XP. When this issue occurs, your computer may stop responding. (STOP 0x0000007b or STOP 0x0000000a, with Pqv2i.sys driver [V2i Protector 2.0] from Symantec)

Limited OEM driver support is available with F6 during Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 setupWhen you are installing Microsoft Windows XP or Microsoft Windows Server 2003 on a new computer or on a computer that has the latest SCSI or IDE controller technology, you may have to use an OEM device driver to support, for example, a new mass storage controller, to continue with the installation. The symptoms that you have to install an OEM device driver include the following:
The computer may keep restarting and never start the GUI installation after the text mode Setup is finished.
The Setup program may stop, and you may receive an error message if the Setup program does not correctly detect the controller.
If you are booting from the installation floppy disks or CD-ROM disc, you receive the following error message: Setup did not find any hard disk drives installed in your system. If you are upgrading by using the Winnt32.exe file, or if you are performing a new installation by using the Winnt.exe file, you receive the following Stop error:Stop 0x0000007B Inaccessible_boot_device

Problems with drive overlay programs in Windows XPYou may experience one or more of the following symptoms: After the first reboot of Windows XP Setup, you may receive one of the following error messages:No operating systemSetup has determined that Drive C: is corrupted and cannot be repaired. To quit setup press F3Windows could not start because of the following ARC firmware boot configuration problem. Did not properly generate ARC name for HAL and System path. Please check the windows documentation about ARC configuration options and your hardware reference manuals for additional informationStop: 0x0000007b (0xf898963c, 0xc0000034, 0x00000000, 0x00000000)Windows XP Setup may stop responding (hang) and display a blank black screen after the first reboot; After you install Windows XP, secondary hard drives that worked and appeared correctly in the following operating systems may appear to be damaged or have a size of zero bytes: Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition (Me); Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition; Microsoft Windows 98; Microsoft Windows 95.

STOP 7b Error Occurs When You Press F6 to Load Drivers During Unattended Windows XP SetupDuring an unattended setup of Windows XP where you have set the Repartition option to Yes, when you press F6 to load drivers, the process may generate a STOP 7b error after the text mode portion of setup.

Related ArticlesHow to move a Windows installation to different hardwareThe source and destination computers must use the same type of HAL. There is one exception to this rule. If one of the computers contains the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) multiprocessor HAL, the other computer can have the ACPI uniprocessor HAL. The same rule applies to MPS multiprocessor and MPS uniprocessor HALs.How to prepare to upgrade Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition to Windows XPThis step-by-step article describes how to prepare to upgrade from Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition to Microsoft Windows XP. The information in this article may be useful to help you avoid some common upgrade-related issues.HAL options after Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 SetupThis article describes Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) options that are listed in Device Manager and the options that are available after you run Microsoft Windows XP Setup or Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Setup.How to force a Hardware Abstraction Layer during upgrade or installation of Windows XPThis article describes how to force in a system Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) during an upgrade or an installation of Microsoft Windows XP.

Stop error message on a Windows XP-based computer: "STOP 0x000000D1"On a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer that is using certain network adapter drivers and certain host firewall software, you may receive a Stop 0xD1 error message that resembles the following:STOP 0x000000D1(parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALHTTP.SYSNote: In this message, the parameters that are represented by parameter1, parameter2, and parameter3 may vary.

Stop error message when you set the ConnectOnRequestedInterfaceOnly registry entry to 1 on a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP:"STOP 0x000000D1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL"When you set the ConnectOnRequestedInterfaceOnly registry entry to 1 on a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP, you may receive a Stop error message that resembles the following:STOP 0x000000D1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

You receive a "STOP 0x000000D1" error after you create a network bridge on a computer that is running Windows XPConsider the following scenario:
You install two network adapters on a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP.
You create a network bridge that uses both of the network adapters.
You install network driver interface specification (NDIS) intermediate drivers on the computer. In this scenario, you may receive a Stop error message that resembles the following:STOP 0x000000D1 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

Error message when a Windows XP SP2-based multiprocessor computer uses driver Battc.sys: "STOP 0x000000D1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL"When you work with a Windows XP Service Pack 2-based multiprocessor computer, you may receive an error message that resembles the following:STOP 0x000000D1 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

Stop error message on a Windows XP SP1-based computer: "STOP 0x000000D1"On a Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 1 (SP1)-based computer that has certain wireless network devices installed, you may receive an error message that resembles the following:STOP 0x000000D1(parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL ar5211.sysNote: The parameters that are represented by parameter1, parameter2, and parameter3 in this message may vary.

Stop 0x000000D1 Error Message When You Turn Your Computer OffWhen you shut down your computer that has one or more universal serial bus (USB) devices attached to it, you may receive the following error message on a blue screen:Stop 0x000000D1 (0x00000040, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xfc96a9dc)

"STOP 0x000000D1 IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL Kbdclass.sys" Error Message When You Try to Shut Down the ComputerWhen you try to shut down your computer, you may receive a STOP error message on a blue screen that is similar to the following:STOP 0x000000D1, (0x0000002b, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xEEEE1b01) IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL Kbdclass.sys.After you receive this error message, the computer restarts.

You receive a "STOP 0x000000D1" error message on your Windows XP Service Pack 2-based portable computerWhen you switch your Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2)-based portable computer from AC (utility) power to DC (battery) power, or vice versa, you may receive a Stop error message that is similar to the following:STOP 0x000000D1 (0x0000000C, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xF8E26A89)gv3.sys – Address F8E26A89 base at F8E26000, Datestamp 3dd991ebThis problem may also occur at other times, depending on how your system was designed.

WRQ AtGuard Program Causes Error Message in Windows XPYou may receive the following error message on a blue screen on your Windows XP-based computer with the WRQ AtGuard firewall program installed:STOP: 0x000000D1 (0x0200000c, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xf617c2c6) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (d1)

You receive a "Stop: 0x000000D1" error message after you establish a VPN connectionAfter you establish a virtual private network (VPN) connection, your computer stops responding unexpectedly. You receive the following Stop error message:STOP: 0x000000D1 (0x00000020, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xf5bf0f68)

Adding a Second Mylex AcceleRAID SCSI Controller Causes an Error MessageIf you add a second Mylex AcceleRAID controller to a Windows XP-based computer, you receive the following error message on a blue screen after the Found New Hardware Wizard starts:STOP 0x000000D1 (0xf8a5802c, 0x00000006, 0x00000000, 0xf847f8a4) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALWhen you receive this error message, the computer stops responding (hangs).

The BLACKDRV.SYS file Causes the Stop Error Message: 0X000000D1(0XBE70D600, 0X00000000,0X00000000,0XBE92F13C)When you copy large files over the network, your computer can restart if Startup And Recovery is set to Automatically Reboot under the System Properties Advanced tab. Otherwise, your computer may generate the following STOP error message:Stop 0X000000D1 (0XBE70D600, 0X00000000,0X00000000,0XBE92F13C) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALAddress BE92F13C Base at BE92C000, date Stamp 394006612 BLACKDRV.SYS

You receive a "Stop 0x000000D1" Stop error message when you back up data to a tape device on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Windows 2000When you back up data to a tape device on a computer that has a MegaRAID controller and that is running Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows XP, or Microsoft Windows 2000, you receive a Stop error message that is similar to the following:Stop 0x000000D1 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) Scsiport.sys

You occasionally receive a "STOP: 0x000000D1" error message when your Windows XP Service Pack 2-based computer resumes from standbyWhen your computer resumes from standby, you occasionally receive the following Stop error message:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...Technical information:*** STOP: 0x000000D1 (0x0000000C, 0x00000002, 0x00000001, 0xF96C49ED) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

You occasionally receive a "STOP 0x000000D1" error message when you start or shut down a Windows XP-based computer or a Windows Server 2003-based computerWhen you start or shut down a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer or a Microsoft Windows Server 2003-based computer, you may occasionally receive a Stop error message that is similar to the following:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...STOP 0x000000D1 (0x00000000, 0x00000002, 0x00000001, 0xf7167161) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

"STOP:0xD1" Error Message When You Start Your Windows XP-Based ComputerWhen you start your computer, you may receive the following error message:STOP:0xD1 (DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL)

Error Message Appears When You Start Laplink PCsync Version 2.0 on Windows XPAfter you install Laplink PCsync version 2.0 and specify the USB transfer software, when you try to start the PCsync program, the computer displays the following error message and then spontaneously restarts: *** Fatal System Error:0x000000d1 (0x0000000A,0x00000002,0x00000000,0xFC37664A)Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance) A fatal system error has occurred.

You receive a STOP 0xD1 error message when you start your Windows XP-based computerWhen you start your Microsoft Windows XP-based computer you may receive the following Stop error message after the Windows XP splash screen appears:Stop 0x000000D1 (0x0000001c, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xf75ba58e) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (d1)An attempt was made to access a pageable (or completely invalid) address at an interrupt request level (IRQL) that is too high. This is usually caused by drivers using improper addresses.

You receive a "Stop 0xD1" error message when you try to establish a TCP/IP sessionWhen you try to establish a TCP/IP session, your computer may stop responding, and you may receive a "Stop 0xD1" error message.

You receive a "STOP: 0x000000D1" error message on a computer that is running Windows XP with Service Pack 1 or Windows XP with Service Pack 2You are using a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP with Service Pack 1 (SP1) or Windows XP with Service Pack 2 (SP2); A program on the computer tries to connect to a Loopback adaptor IP address other than 127.0.0.1. For example, the program may try to connect to IP address 127.0.0.2. When the program tries to connect to the IP address, you may receive the following error message for the Tcpip.sys driver:STOP: 0x000000D1 (DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL)

Error Message with RAM Problems or Damaged Virtual Memory ManagerWhen your computer restarts after you install Windows XP Home Edition, you may receive either of the following error messages:System has recovered from a serious errorDRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL

You may receive a Stop error message after you insert media into a removable disk device in Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, or Windows 2000You may receive a Stop error message after you insert media into a removable disk device that is connected to a computer that is running one of the following operating systems: Microsoft Windows Server 2003; Microsoft Windows XP; Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional.The message may also occur if you start the computer when a removable disk device that contains media is connected to the computer. The Stop error message is similar to one of the following messages:STOP 0x0000000A (0x00000004, 0x0000001c, 0x00000001, 0x804324ac)STOP 0x000000D1 (0xffffff20, 0x00000002,0x00000000, 0xbfe5d810)STOP 0x000000C4 (0x00000013, 0x00000fb6, 0x88efb2c0, 0x00000000)STOP 0x00000050 (0xff391000, 0x00000001, 0x804d1017, 0x00000000)Note: The parameters for these Stop error messages may vary.

Stop 0xD1 error when you shut down Windows XPWhen you shut down a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer, you may receive a "Stop 0xD1 in TCPIP.SYS" error message. You must then turn off and then turn on the computer to recover. User profile changes may be lost.When you restart the computer, you may receive the following error:Windows has recovered from a serious errorThese symptoms may not occur every time that you shut down the computer.

The computer restarts unexpectedly, or you receive an error message in Windows XP: "Stop: 0x000000D1"On a computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP, you may experience any of the following symptoms:Symptom 1Your computer restarts unexpectedly.Symptom 2After you log on, you receive the following error message:Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error.A log of this error has been created.Please tell Microsoft about this problem.We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous.To see what data this error report contains, click here.Symptom 3You receive the following Stop error message:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...Technical information:*** STOP: 0x000000D1 (0xDBDBDBF9, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xED3A6DF2DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALThe symptoms of a Stop error vary according to your computer's system failure options. Additionally, the four parameters may vary according to the computer's configuration. These parameters appear in the error signature information and within the parentheses of the Stop error message.

Stop error that is related to the Storport.sys driver on a Windows Server 2003-based computer: "0x000000D1 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL"On a Windows Server 2003-based computer, you receive the following Stop error message on a blue screen:0x000000D1 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALNotes:The parameters in this error message vary, depending on the computer's configuration.Not all "0x000000D1" Stop errors are caused by this problem.This problem occurs when the Storport.sys driver is called to pause or to resume an adapter in a Windows Server 2003-based computer. Additionally, storage driver developers may encounter symptoms of this issue when their drivers perform similar operations.
Note: In typical Microsoft fashion, this article is titled to target Windows Server 2003 SP2, however both the error and the fix apply to x64-based Windows XP. It is not known if this error occurs on 32-bit Windows XP, and if your problem is a Storport driver on a 32-bit XP then there is nothing to stop you from trying the driver fix for 32-bit Windows Server 2003.
You receive a Stop 0x000000D1 error when you remove a USB storage device from a computer that is running Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 (SP1)After you use the Safely Remove Hardware feature to remove a USB storage device, you receive the following error message when you disconnect the device from the computer:*** STOP: 0x000000D1 (0x00000014, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 0xb777a275)DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALYou experience this problem if the following conditions are true:
The computer is running Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 (SP1).
The storage device contains an encrypted volume that uses the FAT file system.
Note: As with the previous article, this also applies to x64-based Windows XP.

0x000000D5 DRIVER_PAGE_FAULT_IN_FREED_SPECIAL_POOL - 0xD5
When you use a 32-bit program to print a document from a 64-bit version of Microsoft Windows, you may receive a Stop error messageWhen you use a 32-bit program to print a document from a 64-bit version of Microsoft Windows, you may receive a Stop error message that is similar to one of the following:STOP 0x0000001E (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLEDSTOP 0x00000050 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREASTOP 0x000000D5 (parameter1, parameter2, parameter3, parameter4) DRIVER_PAGE_FAULT_IN_FREED_SPECIAL_POOL.Note The parameter values vary. The problem may occur only occasionally because the timing of the issue is very specific.

You receive a "STOP: 0x000000D5" error message when you close an IP Phone connection on a Windows XP Service Pack 2-based Toshiba computer or on a Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005-based Tablet PCWhen you use an IP Phone program on a Toshiba computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) or on a Tablet PC that is running Microsoft Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005, and then you try to close the connection, the IP Phone may not hang up. Note The Windows XP SP2 features and components are included in Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005. If you repeatedly try to close the connection, the computer may quit unexpectedly. You may also experience one or more of the following symptoms:Your computer automatically restarts.After you log on, you receive the following:Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error. A log of this error has been created. Please tell Microsoft about this problem. We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous. To see what data this error report contains, click here.If you click the click here link at the bottom of the message box, you receive error signature information that is similar to the following:BCCode : 000000D5 BCP1 :82672F60 BCP2 :00000001 BCP3 :F85A04DD BCP4 :00000000 OSVer : 5_1_2600 SP : 2_0 Product : 256_1

0x000000D8 DRIVER_USED_EXCESSIVE_PTES
The Stop 0xD8 message typically occurs if your computer runs out of page table entries (PTEs) due to a driver that requests large amounts of kernel memory. See 0x0000003F
0x000000DA SYSTEM_PTE_MISUSE
A computer that has multiple SCSI controllers and a /3GB Boot.ini option stops responding with a SYSTEM_PTE_MISUSE (0x000000DA) stop errorA computer with the /3GB switch in the Boot.ini file and multiple small computer system interface (SCSI) controllers stops responding and a SYSTEM_PTE_MISUSE (0xDA) stop error occurs. This problem does not occur on a computer with one controller or a computer that does not have /3GB switch in the Boot.ini file.
0x000000E3 - 0xE3
You receive a "STOP: 0x000000E3" error message when you safely remove an encrypted USB storage device from a computer that is running Windows XP Service Pack 2After you install Windows XP Service Pack 2, you may experience any one of the following symptoms when you safely remove an encrypted USB storage device:
Your computer automatically restarts.
After you log on, you receive the following error message: Microsoft WindowsThe system has recovered from a serious error.A log of this error has been created.Please tell Microsoft about this problem.We have created an error report that you can send to help us improve Microsoft Windows. We will treat this report as confidential and anonymous.To see what data this error report contains, click here.You receive the following Stop error message:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...Technical information:*** STOP: 0x000000E3 (0x82175704, 0x82282da8, 0x00000000, 0x00000002)Bug Check Symbolic Name

0x000000EA THREAD_STUCK_IN_DEVICE_DRIVER
A device driver problem is causing the system to pause indefinitely.Typically, this problem is caused by a display driver waiting for the video hardware to enter an idle state. This might indicate a hardware problem with the video adapter or a faulty video driver.

Error message: STOP 0x000000EA THREAD_STUCK_IN_DEVICE_DRIVERYou may receive one of the following Stop error messages:STOP 0x000000EA THREAD_STUCK_IN_DEVICE_DRIVERSTOP: 0x100000EA THREAD_STUCK_IN_DEVICE_DRIVER_M

"Stop 0x000000EA" Error Message When You Run Video-Intensive ProgramsWhen you run a video-intensive program, such as a movie or a video game, you may receive one of the following stop error messages and bugcheck information:STOP 0x000000EA, (0x81774538, 0x81a8fc78, 0x8193e490,0x00000001) THREAD_STUCK_IN_DEVICE_DRIVERNote that the four parameters after the stop code may be different.

Windows XP and Windows 2000 Do Not Always Call DrvAssertMode(FALSE) Before it Enters a Power-Down StateAfter you enter and resume from standby, hibernate, or both multiple times, you may receive a "Stop 0xEA" error message.

0x000000ED UNMOUNTABLE_BOOT_VOLUME
The kernel mode I/O subsystem attempted to mount the boot volume and it failed.This error might also occur during an upgrade to Windows XP on systems that use higher throughput ATA disks or controllers with incorrect cabling. In some cases, your system might appear to work normally after you restart. This error is closely related to 0x0000007B. You may also have to perform disk error checking .

Stop 0x000000ED Error Message When Volume on IDE Drive with Caching Enabled Is MountedWhen you use volumes that use the NTFS file system on integrated device electronics (IDE) drives with caching enabled, you may receive the following error message during startup:Stop 0x000000ED Unmountable_Boot_Volume

"STOP 0x000000ED UNMOUNTABLE_BOOT_VOLUME" Error Message When You Restart Your Computer or Upgrade to Windows XPWhen you first restart your computer during the upgrade to Windows XP or when you start Windows XP, you may receive the following error message, where aaaaaaaa, bbbbbbbb, cccccccc, and dddddddd are hexadecimal numbers that may vary:STOP 0x000000ED (0xaaaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbbbb, 0xcccccccc, 0xdddddddd) UNMOUNTABLE_BOOT_VOLUME

Unmountable Boot VolumeWhen booting up to Win XP you may get a error that reads "Unmountable Boot Volume".

A discussion about the Bootcfg command and its usesThe bootcfg command is a Microsoft Windows XP Recovery Console command that manipulates the Boot.ini file. This command has a function that can scan your hard disks for Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, Microsoft Windows 2000, and Windows XP installations, and then add them to an existing Boot.ini file. The function can also rebuild a new Boot.ini file if one does not exist. With the bootcfg command, additional Boot.ini file parameters can be added to existing or new entries.

0x000000F2 HARDWARE_INTERRUPT_STORM
The kernel has detected an interrupt storm. An interrupt storm occurs when a level-interrupt-triggered device fails to release an interrupt request (IRQ). This can result from a number of causes.

Error Message: An Interrupt Storm Has Caused the System to HangYour computer may hard hang (it may be completely frozen and unresponsive) and you may receive the following error message:STOP: 0x000000F2 (0xFCA7C55C, 0x817B9B28, 0x817D2AA0, 0x00000002)An interrupt storm has caused the system to hang.Address FCA7C55C base at FCA72000, Datestamp 3A72BDEF - ACPI.sys
0x000000F4 - 0xF4
Connecting a hard disk drive in slave only mode leads to system halt during resume from standbyA computer that is running Microsoft Windows XP or a later operating system stops responding during resume from standby, and you receive one of the following stop error messages: 0x0000007a (e163a3e4,c000000e,bf8e9313,0697f8600x000000F4 (0x00000003, Parameter2, Parameter3, Parameter4)

Windows XP stops responding when you click or resize a window, or in Windows Server 2003, when you run many console applications, you receive a Stop error message: "0x000000F4"When you click a window or when you resize a window, Windows XP stops responding (hangs). You experience this symptom if the following conditions are true:
The window overlaps another window.
The computer has a dual-core processor or a hyper-threading processor.
The Windows Classic theme is applied. Note: To determine whether the Windows Classic theme is applied, right-click an empty area on the desktop, click Properties, and then click the Themes tab. The current desktop theme is listed in the Theme box.

0x000000FC ATTEMPTED_EXECUTE_OF_NOEXECUTE_MEMORY
You receive a Stop error when a driver is not compatible with the Data Execution Prevention (DEP) feature in Windows XP Service Pack 2 or in Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005When you use a Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2)-based computer or Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005, you may receive an error message that is similar to the following:0x000000FC (ATTEMPTED_EXECUTE_OF_NOEXECUTE_MEMORY)Or, you may receive a Stop error after you install new hardware on a computer that supports hardware Data Execution Prevention (DEP).
0x000000FE BUGCODE_USB_DRIVER - 0xFE
Stop 0x000000FE error occurs when you try to start a third-party IP telephone program in Windows XPWhen you try to start a third-party Internet Protocol (IP) telephone program, you may receive a Stop 0x000000FE error message on a blue screen.

Bugcheck 0x000000FE Under Stress with USB 2.0 Hard DisksWhen a computer that is running Windows XP is accessing USB 2.0 hard disks under heavy stress conditions, you may receive a bugcheck 0xFE message similar to the following: BUGCODE_USB_DRIVER (fe)
Stop error message if you use two USB streaming-video cameras at the same time on a Windows XP Service Pack 2-based computer: "STOP 0x000000FE"If you use two universal serial bus (USB) streaming-video cameras at the same time on a Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2)-based computer, you may receive the following Stop error message:STOP 0x000000FE (Parameter1, Parameter2, Parameter3, Parameter4)This problem occurs when the capture program that you use closes.

A "STOP 0xFE" error message occurs after your Windows XP-based computer returns from standby or from hibernationWhen your Microsoft Windows XP-based computer returns from standby or from hibernation, you may receive a "STOP 0xFE" error message.This problem may occur if all the following conditions are true:
You are using Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 1.
You installed the update that is described in the following Microsoft Knowledge Base article:
822603 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/822603/) Availability of the Windows XP S822603 USB 1.1 and 2.0 update
You removed the universal serial bus (USB) 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller (EHCI) controller from Device Manager. For example, you may have removed the controller because Device Manager displayed an exclamation point in a yellow circle next to the listing for the controller. The details report displayed "Code 10".Note: The name of your USB 2.0 EHCI controller may vary.

0xC0000218 UNKNOWN_HARD_ERROR
One of the core Windows system hives (the SAM hive, the SECURITY hive, the SOFTWARE hive, or the DEFAULT hive) is corrupt.

How to recover from a corrupted registry that prevents Windows XP from startingThis article describes how to recover a Windows XP system that does not start because of corruption in the registry. This procedure does not guarantee full recovery of the system to a previous state; however, you should be able to recover data when you use this procedure.

How to troubleshoot registry corruption issuesThis article describes how to troubleshoot registry corruption issues. If your computer does not restart, the registry hives may be corrupted. The error messages may vary. They can include any of the following:Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINNT\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM.cedWindows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINNT\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEMWindows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINNT\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARESystem hive error Stop 0xc0000218 (0xe11a30e8, 0x00000000, 0x000000000, 0x00000000) UNKNOWN_HARD_ERRORStop: 0xc0000218 {Registry File Failure} The registry cannot load the hive (file): \SystemRoot\System32\Config\CorruptHive or its log or alternate. It is corrupt, absent, or not writable.

Damaged Registry Repair and Recovery in Windows XPWhen a registry hive becomes damaged, your computer may become unbootable, and you may receive one of the following Stop error messages on a blue screen:Unexpected Shutdown; Stop:0xc0000135Also see: You receive a "Stop: c0000135" and "winsrv was not found" error message after you install Windows XP Service Pack 2After you install Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2), your computer repeatedly restarts with the following Stop error:A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer...Technical information:STOP: c0000135 {Unable To Locate Component}This application has failed to start because winsrv was not found. Re-installing the application may fix this problem.Note Your computer may restart immediately if it is configured to automatically restart when a system failure occurs. To turn off this option so that your computer does not restart, press F8 at startup, use the arrow keys to select the Disable automatic restart on system failure option, and then press ENTER.

Error Message When You Install Windows XP: "STOP: c0000218 {Registry File Failure}"When you try to install Microsoft Windows XP on a new hard disk that is formatted with the NTFS file system, you may receive the following error:Stop: c0000218 {Registry File Failure} The registry cannot load the hive (file): \SystemRoot\System32\Config\SOFTWARE or its log or alternateThis error occurs after Windows XP copies the installation files to the hard disk and the computer restarts.

0x4000008A
Windows XP RIS Client Loses Video or Stops Responding While "Starting Windows" Is DisplayedIf you install Windows XP by using a Pre-Boot Execution Environment (PXE) network adapter or by using a remote boot floppy from a Remote Installation Services (RIS) server, the installation process may stop responding (hang) at the "Setup is Starting Windows" screen. A few seconds after this message appears, the screen may suddenly go black. You may also receive the following Stop error message on a blue screen:STOP: 0x4000008a (0x822bcda8, 0x823978b0, 0x00000000, 0x00000000)A kernel thread terminated to protect your system mutax.NOTE: The four parameters that are inside the parentheses can vary according to the computer's configuration.
0xC000021A STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED
Problem when switching from kernel mode to user-mode.The Stop 0xC000021A message occurs when Windows XP switches into kernel mode and a user-mode subsystem, such as Winlogon or the Client Server Runtime Subsystem (CSRSS), is compromised and security can no longer be guaranteed. Because Windows XP cannot run without Winlogon or CSRSS, this is one of the few situations where the failure of a user-mode service can cause the system to stop responding. You cannot use the kernel debugger in this situation because the error occurred in a user-mode process. A Stop 0xC000021A message can also occur when the computer is restarted after a system administrator has modified permissions in such a way that the SYSTEM account no longer has adequate permissions to access system files and folders.

How to troubleshoot a "STOP 0xC000021A" errorYou may receive the following error message:STOP: c000021a {Fatal System Error}The Windows Logon Process system process terminated unexpectedly with a status of 0xc0000034 (0x00000000 0x0000000)The system has been shutdown.Note The parameters in parentheses are specific to your computer configuration and may be different for each occurrence.

Internet Explorer Maintenance Policies May Cause an Access Violation in WinlogonIf Microsoft Internet Explorer maintenance policies are being applied, you may receive a "Stop C000021A" error message on a blue screen on a Windows XP-based client computer during the logon process. Or, the client computer may restart. This problem may not occur until you log on and log off several times. You may also receive the following error message:STOP: 0xc000021a STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED{Fatal System Error} The Windows Logon Process system process terminated unexpectedly with a status of 0xaaaaaa (0xbbbbbb 0xcccccc)The system has been shutdown.

You cannot start your computer after you modify the permissions in Windows Server 2003, in Windows XP, or in Windows 2000This article describes error messages that you may receive after you modify some security permissions on your computer that is running Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Windows 2000. This article discusses how to resolve these issues on each operating system. It also discusses how to resolve a paging file issue that you may experience after you resolve the security permissions issue.

Stack corruption occurs if you remove and insert a smart card during a user log on process in Windows XP Service Pack 1 or Windows XP Service Pack 2You use a smart card for user authentication on a computer that is running either Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 1 (SP1) or Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2). You insert the smart card in to the reader and type the PIN to initiate the log on process. You remove the smart card before the log on process is completed. You insert the smart card again. In this scenario, a stack corruption occurs, and the computer stops responding (hangs). Additionally, you receive the following error message:STOP: 0xc000021a {Fatal System Error}

GoBack Causes a Stop Error C000021aAfter you install Roxio GoBack (included with Norton System Works), and attempt to start your computer, you may receive an error message similar to the following: C000021a (fatal system error). The session manager initialization system process terminated unexpectedly with a status of 0xc000003a (0x00000000, 0x00000000) Your computer starts normally in Safe mode, but a clean boot from MSConfig has no effect.

Your Computer Restarts Unexpectedly When You Press CTRL+ALT+DELETE to Unlock Your ComputerWhen you try to unlock your computer by pressing CTRL+ALT+DELETE, your computer restarts unexpectedly. You may receive the following Stop error:STOP: c000021a (Fatal System Error)The Windows Logon Process System process terminated unexpectedly with a status of 0xc0000005 (0x0000000 0x00000000).The system has been shut down.

0xC0000221 STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH
This Stop message indicates driver, system file, or disk corruption problems (such as a damaged paging file). Faulty memory and other hardware such as hard disks can also cause this Stop message to appear.

A Stop: 0xC000026C or Stop: 0xC0000221 "Unable to Load Device Driver" Error Occurs When You Start Windows XPWhen you start Windows XP, you may receive one of the following error messages:STOP: 0xc000026C [Unable to load device driver] DriverNameSTOP: 0xc0000221 [Unable to load device driver] DriverNameSTOP: 0xc0000221. Bad image check sum, the image user32.dll is possibly corrupt. The header check sum does not match the computed check sum.

"STOP: C0000221 unknown hard error" or "STOP: C0000221 STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH" error message occursYou may receive any one of the following Stop error messages:STOP: C0000221 unknown hard error Path\File_nameSTOP: 0xC0000221 unknown hard error C:\Winnt\System32\Ntdll.dll(or another specific file or driver)STOP: 0xC0000221 STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH Path\File_name

"Bad Image Checksum" Error When You Upgrade to Windows XPWhen you upgrade your computer to Windows XP, you may receive an error message that is similar to one of the following:C0000221 (Bad Image Checksum)STOP: C0000221 - Bad Image Checksum in ModuleNameSTOP: C0000221 - Bad Image Checksum. User32.dll is possibly corrupt. The header check sum does not match the computed check sum.

0xC0000244 STATUS_AUDIT_FAILED
Error message when when you try to clear or to back up the Security log on a Windows XP-based computer: "Stop 0xC0000244 (STATUS_AUDIT_FAILED)"Consider the following scenario:
You have a Microsoft Windows XP-based computer.
In Windows XP, the value for the following registry subkey is set to 1:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\crashonauditfail
You log on to the computer as a non-administrative user.
You try to clear or to back up the Security log. Exactly at the same time, an event is logged in the Security log. In this scenario, you receive a Stop error message that resembles the following:Stop 0xC0000244 (STATUS_AUDIT_FAILED)You receive the Stop error message even though the Security log is not full.
Error Message: Stop 0xC0000244 Unable to Generate Security EventsDuring the graphical user interface (GUI) portion of an upgrade from Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional to Windows XP, you may receive the following error message on a blue screen:Stop 0xC0000244 Unable to generate security events.

0xC000026C
See: 0xC0000221 STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH
0xC0000415
Stop Error: 0xc0000415 When You Run Windows XPMicrosoft Windows XP may shut down unexpectedly, and you may receive the following Stop error:0xc0000415 0xe1035170 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
Other Stop Errors
You may receive a Stop error in the Scsiport.sys file during SCSI miniport initialization on a computer that is running WindowsWhen a SCSI miniport driver initializes on your computer, your computer may stop responding, and you may receive a Stop error in the Scsiport.sys file. This article does not specify a stop error code.

2009-06-26T02:38:00.000-07:00

Total System and Storage Asset InformationTM

Supports Linux, Mac, UNIX, and Windows
Direct, Reseller, and OEM sales welcomed
Overview
SysInfoTM is a system and storage solution for asset inventory and configuration reporting for most major Linux, UNIX, Apple Macintosh, and Microsoft Windows platforms as well as leading NAS and SAN Storage Systems and logical volume software solutions. SysInfo provides extremely detailed system hardware, software, OS configuration, and storage asset management and configuration data in multiple platform agnostic formats.
Data can be retrieved from the local system or remotely over any TCP/IP network from any system with the SysInfo Agent (installed by default as part of the SysInfo product) installed.
Our StorSys Pro add-on storage reporting product supports storage systems from industry leading Storage Area Network (SAN) providers such as EMC and Network Attached Storage (NAS) providers like Network Appliance.
SysInfo enables System Administrators to quickly see a high level view of a system's configuration or dive deeply into very low level configuration data. You can see something as "simple" as a system's model name or you can plunge down to detailed information such as a disk drive's serial number and RPM speed.
SysInfo supports a sophisticated Command Line Interface (CLI) for consumption by both humans and programs, as well as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to browse the volumes of data available.
SysInfo is easy to embed in your own program or shell script using our shell or Perl API's. Our parsable output encoding provides a field deliminated format which is easy to parse and convert into your own format or feed into a database.
One Tool for Multiple Platforms
SysInfo provides a single, unified interface to system information in platform neutral formats across these platforms.
Desktop and Server Systems
Linux
Sun's Solaris
Apple's MacOS X
HP's HP-UX
IBM's AIX
Windows
Logical Volume Managers (LVM)
Veritas Volume Manager
AIX LVM
HP-UX LVM
Linux MD
Sun Solaris Volume Manager (DiskSuite)
Storage Systems
EMC
Network Appliance
Want to know the system model of all of your Sun's, HP's, Linux, and Windows systems? Just run sysinfo --show model on each system. To see how much main memory (RAM) a system has, just run sysinfo --show memory.
Automation Made Simple
Do you write shell scripts and programs on multiple platforms? You can replace line after line of OS dependent code with a single call to SysInfo. This can save you a tremendous amount of time maintaining and supporting your automation because SysInfo takes care of all the OS dependencies. You can stop worrying about your automation breaking due to OS dependencies when you upgrade your OS.
Porting your automation to a completely new platform is also dramatically easier because SysInfo knows your new platform, not your automation.
SysInfo provides easy command line output as well as a Perl and C API to make larger projects a snap.
Broad Data Reporting
Not only does SysInfo provide very deep levels of information but it also provides a very broad, rich range of data including:
Hardware inventory
Storage (Logical) Volumes
Storage Systems (SAN, NAS)
Storage (disk) filesystems and partitions
Software package inventory
Software license inventory
Network configuration information
Network interface information
Kernel parameters
System configuration parameters
Printers
System serial number
System architectures
CPU type
Host network addresses
Kernel version
Main memory (RAM)
Manufacturer and model of hardware
Operating system distribution
Operating system name
Operating system version
System model name

2009-06-26T02:20:00.000-07:00

Windows Vista

"Vista" redirects here. For other uses, see Vista (disambiguation).
Windows Vista
Part of the Microsoft Windows family

Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer

Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Website
Official website
Releases
Release date
RTM: November 8, 2006;Vol. Lic.: November 30, 2006;Retail: January 30, 2007 (info)
Current version
6.0 Service Pack 2 (SP2) (Build 6002)(6002.18005.090410-1830[1]) (2009-4-28; 59 days ago) (info)
Source model
Closed source / Shared source [2]
License
MS-EULA
Kernel type
Hybrid
Update method
Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platform support
x86, x86-64
Support status
Mainstream support
Further reading
Development of Windows Vista
Features new to Windows Vista
Management features new to Windows Vista
Security and safety features new to Windows Vista
Technical features new to Windows Vista
Windows Vista I/O technologies
Windows Vista networking technologies
Features removed from Windows Vista
Windows Vista editions
Criticism of Windows Vista
Windows Vista is a line of operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by its codename "Longhorn."[3] Development was completed on November 8, 2006; over the following three months it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers, and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide,[4] and was made available for purchase and download from Microsoft's website.[5] The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems.
Windows Vista contains many changes and new features, including an updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Windows Aero, a redesigned search functionality, multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker, and redesigned networking, audio, print, and display sub-systems. Vista aims to increase the level of communication between machines on a home network, using peer-to-peer technology to simplify sharing files and digital media between computers and devices. Windows Vista includes version 3.0 of the .NET Framework, allowing software developers to write applications without traditional Windows APIs.
Microsoft's primary stated objective with Windows Vista has been to improve the state of security in the Windows operating system.[6] One common criticism of Windows XP and its predecessors is their commonly exploited security vulnerabilities and overall susceptibility to malware, viruses and buffer overflows. In light of this, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced in early 2002 a company-wide "Trustworthy Computing initiative" which aims to incorporate security work into every aspect of software development at the company. Microsoft stated that it prioritized improving the security of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 above finishing Windows Vista, thus delaying its completion.[7]
While these new features and security improvements have garnered positive reviews, Vista has also been the target of much criticism and negative press. Criticism of Windows Vista has targeted its high system requirements, its more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of new digital rights management technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media, lack of compatibility with some pre-Vista hardware and software, and the number of authorization prompts for User Account Control. As a result of these and other issues, Windows Vista had seen initial adoption and satisfaction rates lower than Windows XP.[8] However, with an estimated 350 million internet users as of January 2009, it has been announced that Vista usage had surpassed Microsoft’s pre-launch two-year-out expectations of achieving 200 million users.[9][10][11] As of the end of May 2009, Windows Vista is the second most widely used operating system on the internet with a 24.35% market share, the most widely used being Windows XP with a 61.54% market share.[12]
Contents[hide]
1 Development
2 New or changed features
2.1 End-user
2.2 Core
2.3 Security-related
2.4 Business
2.5 Developer
3 Removed features
4 Editions
5 Visual styles
6 Hardware requirements
7 Service packs
7.1 Service Pack 1
7.2 Service Pack 2
8 Reception
9 Criticism
9.1 Hardware requirements
9.2 Licensing and cost
9.3 Digital rights management
9.4 User Account Control
10 The Mojave Experiment
11 See also
12 References
//

Development
Main article: Development of Windows Vista

The Windows Longhorn logo
Microsoft began work on Windows Vista, known at the time by its codename Longhorn, in May 2001,[13] five months before the release of Windows XP. It was originally expected to ship sometime late in 2003 as a minor step between Windows XP and Blackcomb, which was planned to be the company's next major operating system release. Gradually, "Longhorn" assimilated many of the important new features and technologies slated for Blackcomb, resulting in the release date being pushed back several times. Many of Microsoft's developers were also re-tasked to build updates to Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 to strengthen security.[7] Faced with ongoing delays and concerns about feature creep, Microsoft announced on August 27, 2004 that it had revised its plans. The original Longhorn, based on the Windows XP source code, was scrapped, and Longhorn's development started anew, building on the Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 codebase, and re-incorporating only the features that would be intended for an actual operating system release. Some previously announced features such as WinFS were dropped or postponed, and a new software development methodology called the Security Development Lifecycle was incorporated in an effort to address concerns with the security of the Windows codebase.[14]
After Longhorn was named Windows Vista in July 2005, an unprecedented beta-test program was started, involving hundreds of thousands of volunteers and companies. In September of that year, Microsoft started releasing regular Community Technology Previews (CTP) to beta testers. The first of these was distributed at the 2005 Microsoft Professional Developers Conference, and was subsequently released to beta testers and Microsoft Developer Network subscribers. The builds that followed incorporated most of the planned features for the final product, as well as a number of changes to the user interface, based largely on feedback from beta testers. Windows Vista was deemed feature-complete with the release of the "February CTP", released on February 22, 2006, and much of the remainder of work between that build and the final release of the product focused on stability, performance, application and driver compatibility, and documentation. Beta 2, released in late May, was the first build to be made available to the general public through Microsoft's Customer Preview Program. It was downloaded by over five million people. Two release candidates followed in September and October, both of which were made available to a large number of users.[15]
While Microsoft had originally hoped to have the consumer versions of the operating system available worldwide in time for Christmas 2006, it was announced in March 2006 that the release date would be pushed back to January 2007, in order to give the company–and the hardware and software companies which Microsoft depends on for providing device drivers–additional time to prepare. Development of Windows Vista came to an end when Microsoft announced that it had been finalized on November 8, 2006.[16] Windows Vista cost Microsoft 6 billion dollars to develop.[17]

New or changed features
Main article: Features new to Windows Vista
Windows Vista revised and incorporated new features and functionalities not present in its predecessors, mainly Windows XP.

End-user

Windows Explorer in Windows Vista
Windows Aero: The new hardware-based graphical user interface is named Windows Aero, which Jim Allchin stated is an acronym for Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open.[18] The new interface is intended to be cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing than those of previous Windows versions, including new transparencies, live thumbnails, live icons, and animations, thus providing a new level of eye candy. Laptop users report, however, that battery life is shortened with the feature enabled.[19][20]
Windows Shell: The new Windows shell is significantly different from Windows XP, offering a new range of organization, navigation, and search capabilities. Windows Explorer's task pane has been removed, integrating the relevant task options into the toolbar. A "Favorite links" pane has been added, enabling one-click access to common directories. The address bar has been replaced with a breadcrumb navigation system. The preview pane allows users to see thumbnails of various files and view the contents of documents. The details pane shows information such as file size and type, and allows viewing and editing of embedded tags in supported file formats. The Start menu has changed as well; it no longer uses ever-expanding boxes when navigating through Programs. The word "Start" itself has been removed in favor of a blue Windows Pearl.
Instant Search (also known as search as you type) : Windows Vista features a new way of searching called Instant Search, which is significantly faster and more in-depth (content-based) than the search features found in any of the previous versions of Windows.[21]
Windows Sidebar: A transparent panel anchored to the side of the screen where a user can place Desktop Gadgets, which are small applets designed for a specialized purpose (such as displaying the weather or sports scores). Gadgets can also be placed on other parts of the desktop.
Windows Internet Explorer 7: New user interface, tabbed browsing, RSS, a search box, improved printing,[22] Page Zoom, Quick Tabs (thumbnails of all open tabs), Anti-Phishing filter, a number of new security protection features, Internationalized Domain Name support (IDN), and improved web standards support. IE7 in Windows Vista runs in isolation from other applications in the operating system (protected mode); exploits and malicious software are restricted from writing to any location beyond Temporary Internet Files without explicit user consent.

Windows Media Player 11
Windows Media Player 11, a major revamp of Microsoft's program for playing and organizing music and video. New features in this version include word wheeling (or "search as you type"), a new GUI for the media library, photo display and organization, the ability to share music libraries over a network with other Windows Vista machines, Xbox 360 integration, and support for other Media Center Extenders.
Backup and Restore Center: Includes a backup and restore application that gives users the ability to schedule periodic backups of files on their computer, as well as recovery from previous backups. Backups are incremental, storing only the changes each time, minimizing disk usage. It also features Complete PC Backup (available only in Ultimate, Business, and Enterprise versions) which backs up an entire computer as an image onto a hard disk or DVD. Complete PC Backup can automatically recreate a machine setup onto new hardware or hard disk in case of any hardware failures. Complete PC Restore can be initiated from within Windows Vista or from the Windows Vista installation CD in the event the PC is so corrupt that it cannot start up normally from the hard disk.
Windows Mail: A replacement for Outlook Express that includes a new mail store that improves stability,[23] and features integrated Instant Search. It has the Phishing Filter like IE7 and Junk mail filtering that is enhanced through regular updates via Windows Update.[24]
Windows Calendar is a new calendar and task application.
Windows Photo Gallery, a photo and movie library management application. It can import from digital cameras, tag and rate individual items, adjust colors and exposure, create and display slideshows (with pan and fade effects) and burn slideshows to DVD.
Windows DVD Maker, a companion program to Windows Movie Maker that provides the ability to create video DVDs based on a user's content. Users can design a DVD with title, menu, video, soundtrack, pan and zoom motion effects on pictures or slides.
Windows Media Center, which was previously exclusively bundled in a separate version of Windows XP, known as Windows XP Media Center Edition, has been incorporated into the Home Premium and Ultimate editions of Windows Vista.
Games and Games Explorer: Games included with Windows have been modified to showcase Vista's graphics capabilities. New games are Chess Titans, Mahjong Titans and Purble Place. A new Games Explorer special folder contains shortcuts and information to all games on the user's computer.

Windows Mobility Center.
Windows Mobility Center is a control panel that centralizes the most relevant information related to mobile computing (brightness, sound, battery level / power scheme selection, wireless network, screen orientation, presentation settings, etc.).
Windows Meeting Space replaces NetMeeting. Users can share applications (or their entire desktop) with other users on the local network, or over the Internet using peer-to-peer technology (higher versions than Starter and Home Basic can take advantage of hosting capabilities, Starter and Home Basic editions are limited to "join" mode only)
Shadow Copy automatically creates daily backup copies of files and folders. Users can also create "shadow copies" by setting a System Protection Point using the System Protection tab in the System control panel. The user can be presented multiple versions of a file throughout a limited history and be allowed to restore, delete, or copy those versions. This feature is available only in the Business, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions of Windows Vista and is inherited from Windows Server 2003.[25]

Windows Update with Windows Ultimate Extras
Windows Update: Software and security updates have been simplified,[26] now operating solely via a control panel instead of as a web application. Windows Mail's spam filter and Windows Defender's definitions are updated automatically via Windows Update. Users who choose the recommended setting for Automatic Updates will have the latest drivers installed and available when they add a new device.
Parental controls: Allows administrators to control which websites, programs and games each Limited user can use and install. This feature is not included in the Business or Enterprise editions of Vista.
Windows SideShow: Enables the auxiliary displays on newer laptops or on supported Windows Mobile devices. It is meant to be used to display device gadgets while the computer is on or off.
Speech recognition is integrated into Vista.[27] It features a redesigned user interface and configurable command-and-control commands. Unlike the Office 2003 version, which works only in Office and WordPad, Speech Recognition in Windows Vista works for any accessible application. In addition, it currently supports several languages: British and American English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese (Traditional and Simplified) and Japanese.
New fonts, including several designed for screen reading, and improved Chinese (Yahei, JhengHei), Japanese (Meiryo) and Korean (Malgun) fonts. ClearType has also been enhanced and enabled by default.
Improved audio controls allow the system-wide volume or volume of individual audio devices and even individual applications to be controlled separately. New audio functionalities such as Room Correction, Bass Management, Speaker Fill and Headphone virtualization have also been incorporated.
Problem Reports and Solutions, a control panel which allows users to view previously sent problems and any solutions or additional information that is available.
Windows System Assessment Tool is a tool used to benchmark system performance. Software such as games can retrieve this rating and modify its own behavior at runtime to improve performance. The benchmark tests CPU, RAM, 2-D and 3-D graphics acceleration, graphics memory and hard disk space.[28][29]
Windows Ultimate Extras: The Ultimate edition of Windows Vista provides, via Windows Update, access to some additional features. These are a collection of additional MUI language packs, Texas Hold 'Em (a Poker game) and Microsoft Tinker (a strategy game where the character is a robot), BitLocker and EFS enhancements which allow users to back up their encryption key online in a Digital Locker, and Windows Dreamscene, which enables the use of videos in MPEG and WMV formats as the desktop background. On April 21, 2008, Microsoft launched two more Ultimate Extras; three new Windows sound schemes, and a content pack for Dreamscene. Various DreamScene Content Packs have been released since the final version of DreamScene was released.
Reliability and Performance Monitor includes various tools for tuning and monitoring system performance and resources activities of CPU, disks, network, memory and other resources. It shows the operations on files, the opened connections, etc.
Disk Management: The Logical Disk Manager in Windows Vista supports shrinking and expanding volumes on-the-fly.

Core

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Main article: Technical features new to Windows Vista
Windows Vista is intended to be a technology-based release, to provide a base to include advanced technologies, many of which are related to how the system functions and thus not readily visible to the user. An example is the complete restructuring of the architecture of the audio, print, display, and networking subsystems; although the results of this work are visible to software developers, end-users will only see what appear to be evolutionary changes in the user interface.
Vista includes technologies such as ReadyBoost and ReadyDrive which employ fast flash memory (located on USB drives and hybrid hard disk drives) to improve system performance by caching commonly used programs and data. This manifests itself in improved battery life on notebook computers as well, since a hybrid drive can be spun down when not in use. Another new technology called SuperFetch utilizes machine learning techniques to analyze usage patterns to allow Windows Vista to make intelligent decisions about what content should be present in system memory at any given time. It uses almost all the extra RAM as disk cache. In conjunction with SuperFetch, an automatic built-in Windows Disk Defragmenter makes sure that those applications are strategically positioned on the hard disk where they can be loaded into memory very quickly with the least amount of physical movement of the hard disk’s read-write heads. [30]
As part of the redesign of the networking architecture, IPv6 has been fully incorporated into the operating system and a number of performance improvements have been introduced, such as TCP window scaling. Earlier versions of Windows typically needed third-party wireless networking software to work properly, but this is not the case with Vista, which includes more comprehensive wireless networking support.
For graphics, Vista introduces a new Windows Display Driver Model and a major revision to Direct3D. The new driver model facilitates the new Desktop Window Manager, which provides the tearing-free desktop and special effects that are the cornerstones of Windows Aero. Direct3D 10, developed in conjunction with major graphics card manufacturers, is a new architecture with more advanced shader support, and allows the graphics processing unit to render more complex scenes without assistance from the CPU. It features improved load balancing between CPU and GPU and also optimizes data transfer between them.[31]
At the core of the operating system, many improvements have been made to the memory manager, process scheduler and I/O scheduler. The Heap Manager implements additional features such as integrity checking in order to improve robustness and defend against buffer overflow security exploits, although this comes at the price of breaking backward compatibility with some legacy applications.[32] A Kernel Transaction Manager has been implemented that enables applications to work with the file system and Registry using atomic transaction operations.

Security-related

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A User Account Control consent dialog, showing an administrator, Alex
Main article: Security and safety features new to Windows Vista
Improved security was a primary design goal for Vista.[6] Microsoft's Trustworthy Computing initiative, which aims to improve public trust in its products, has had a direct effect on its development. This effort has resulted in a number of new security and safety features.
User Account Control, or UAC is perhaps the most significant and visible of these changes. UAC is a security technology that makes it possible for users to use their computer with fewer privileges by default, with a view to stopping malware from making unauthorized changes to the system. This was often difficult in previous versions of Windows, as the previous "limited" user accounts proved too restrictive and incompatible with a large proportion of application software, and even prevented some basic operations such as looking at the calendar from the notification tray. In Windows Vista, when an action requiring administrative rights—such as installing/uninstalling software or making system-wide configuration changes—is performed, the user is first prompted for an administrator name and password; in cases where the user is already an administrator, the user is still prompted to confirm the pending privileged action. Regular use of the computer such as running programs, printing, or surfing the Internet does not trigger UAC prompts. User Account Control asks for credentials in a Secure Desktop mode, in which the entire screen is dimmed, and only the authorization window is active and highlighted. The intent is to stop a malicious program misleading the user by interfering with the authorization window, and to hint to the user the importance of the prompt.
Testing by Symantec Corporation has proved the effectiveness of UAC. Symantec used over 2,000 active malware samples, consisting of backdoors, keyloggers, rootkits, mass mailers, trojan horses, spyware, adware, and various other samples. Each was executed on a default Windows Vista installation within a standard user account. UAC effectively blocked over 50 percent of each threat, excluding rootkits. 5 percent or less of the malware which evaded UAC survived a reboot.
Internet Explorer 7's new security and safety features include a phishing filter, IDN with anti-spoofing capabilities, and integration with system-wide parental controls. For added security, ActiveX controls are disabled by default. Also, Internet Explorer operates in a protected mode, which operates with lower permissions than the user and runs in isolation from other applications in the operating system, preventing it from accessing or modifying anything besides the Temporary Internet Files directory.[33] Microsoft's anti-spyware product, Windows Defender, has been incorporated into Windows, providing protection against malware and other threats. Changes to various system configuration settings (such as new auto-starting applications) are blocked unless the user gives consent.
Whereas prior releases of Windows supported per-file encryption using Encrypting File System, the Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Vista include BitLocker Drive Encryption which can protect entire volumes, notably the operating system volume. However, BitLocker requires approximately a 1.5-gigabyte partition to be permanently unencrypted and to contain system files in order for Windows to boot. In normal circumstances, the only time this partition is accessed is when the computer is booting, or when there is a Windows update that changes files in this area which is a legitimate reason to access this section of the drive. The area can be a potential security issue, because a hexadecimal editor (such as dskprobe.exe), or malicious software running with administrator and/or kernel level privileges would be able to write to this "Ghost Partition" and allow a piece of malicious software to compromise the system, or disable the encryption. BitLocker can work in conjunction with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) cryptoprocessor (version 1.2) embedded in a computer's motherboard, or with a USB key.[34] However, as with other full disk encryption technologies, BitLocker is vulnerable to a cold boot attack, especially where TPM is used as a key protector without a boot PIN being required too.[35]
A variety of other privilege-restriction techniques are also built into Vista. An example is the concept of "integrity levels" in user processes, whereby a process with a lower integrity level cannot interact with processes of a higher integrity level and cannot perform DLL–injection to a processes of a higher integrity level. The security restrictions of Windows services are more fine-grained, so that services (especially those listening on the network) have no ability to interact with parts of the operating system they do not need to. Obfuscation techniques such as address space layout randomization are used to increase the amount of effort required of malware before successful infiltration of a system. Code Integrity verifies that system binaries haven’t been tampered with by malicious code.
As part of the redesign of the network stack, Windows Firewall has been upgraded, with new support for filtering both incoming and outgoing traffic. Advanced packet filter rules can be created which can grant or deny communications to specific services.
The 64-bit versions of Vista require that all device drivers be digitally signed, so that the creator of the driver can be identified.[36]

Business
Main article: Management features new to Windows Vista
While much of the focus of Vista's new capabilities has been on the new user interface, security technologies, and improvements to the core operating system, Microsoft is also adding new deployment and maintenance features.
The Windows Imaging Format (WIM) is the cornerstone of Microsoft's new deployment and packaging system. WIM files, which contain a HAL-independent image of Windows Vista, can be maintained and patched without having to rebuild new images. Windows Images can be delivered via Systems Management Server or Business Desktop Deployment technologies. Images can be customized and configured with applications then deployed to corporate client personal computers using little to no touch by a system administrator. ImageX is the Microsoft tool used to create and customize images.
Windows Deployment Services replaces Remote Installation Services for deploying Vista and prior versions of Windows.
Approximately 700 new Group Policy settings have been added, covering most aspects of the new features in the operating system, as well as significantly expanding the configurability of wireless networks, removable storage devices, and user desktop experience. Vista also introduced an XML based format (ADMX) to display registry-based policy settings, making it easier to manage networks that span geographic locations and different languages.[37]
Services for UNIX has been renamed "Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications," and is included with the Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Vista. Network File System (NFS) client support is also included.
Multilingual User Interface–Unlike previous version of Windows which required language packs to be loaded to provide local language support, Windows Vista Ultimate and Enterprise editions support the ability to dynamically change languages based on the logged on user's preference.
Wireless Projector support

Developer
Windows Vista includes a large number of new application programming interfaces. Chief among them is the inclusion of version 3.0 of the .NET Framework, which consists of a class library and Common Language Runtime. Version 3.0 includes four new major components:[38]
Windows Presentation Foundation is a user interface subsystem and framework based vector graphics, which makes use of 3D computer graphics hardware and Direct3D technologies. It provides the foundation for building applications and blending together application UI, documents, and media content. It is the successor to Windows Forms.
Windows Communication Foundation is a service-oriented messaging subsystem which enables applications and systems to interoperate locally or remotely using Web services.
Windows Workflow Foundation provides task automation and integrated transactions using workflows. It is the programming model, engine and tools for building workflow-enabled applications on Windows.
Windows CardSpace is a component which securely stores digital identities of a person, and provides a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging into a website.
These technologies are also available for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 to facilitate their introduction to and usage by developers and end users.
There are also significant new development APIs in the core of the operating system, notably the completely re-architected audio, networking, print, and video interfaces, major changes to the security infrastructure, improvements to the deployment and installation of applications ("ClickOnce" and Windows Installer 4.0) , new device driver development model ("Windows Driver Foundation") , Transactional NTFS, mobile computing API advancements (power management, Tablet PC Ink support, SideShow) and major updates to (or complete replacements of) many core subsystems such as Winlogon and CAPI.
There are some issues for software developers using some of the graphics APIs in Vista. Games or programs which are built solely on the Windows Vista-exclusive version of DirectX, version 10, cannot work on prior versions of Windows, as DirectX 10 is not available for previous Windows versions. Also, games which require the features of D3D9Ex, the updated implementation of DirectX 9 in Windows Vista are also incompatible with previous Windows versions.[39] According to a Microsoft blog, there are three choices for OpenGL implementation on Vista. An application can use the default implementation, which translates OpenGL calls into the Direct3D API and is frozen at OpenGL version 1.4, or an application can use an Installable Client Driver (ICD) , which comes in two flavors: legacy and Vista-compatible. A legacy ICD disables the Desktop Window Manager, a Vista-compatible ICD takes advantage of a new API, and is fully compatible with the Desktop Window Manager.[40] At least two primary vendors, ATI and NVIDIA provided full Vista-compatible ICDs.[41] However, hardware overlay is not supported, because it is considered as an obsolete feature in Vista. ATI and NVIDIA strongly recommend using compositing desktop/Framebuffer Objects for same functionality.[42]

Removed features
Main article: Features removed from Windows Vista
Some notable Windows XP features and components have been replaced or removed in Windows Vista, including Windows Messenger, NTBackup, the network Messenger Service, HyperTerminal, MSN Explorer, Active Desktop, and the replacement of NetMeeting with Windows Meeting Space. Windows Vista also does not include the Windows XP "Luna" visual theme, or most of the classic color schemes which have been part of Windows since the Windows 3.x era. The "Hardware profiles" startup feature has also been removed, along with support for older motherboard technologies like the EISA bus, APM and Game port support (though on the 32-bit version game port support can be enabled by applying an older driver).[43] IP over FireWire (TCP/IP over IEEE 1394) has been removed as well.[44] The IPX/SPX Protocol has also been removed, although it can be enabled by a third-party plugin.[45]

Editions
Main article: Windows Vista editions
Windows Vista ships in six editions.[46] These are roughly divided into two target markets, consumer and business, with editions varying to cater for specific sub-markets. For consumers, there are four editions, with three available for developed countries. Windows Vista Starter edition is limited to emerging markets. Windows Vista Home Basic is intended for budget users with low needs. Windows Vista Home Premium covers the majority of the consumer market, and contains applications for creating and using multimedia. The home editions cannot join a Windows Server domain. For businesses, there are two editions. Windows Vista Business is specifically designed for small and medium-sized businesses,[47] while Windows Vista Enterprise[48] is only available to customers participating in Microsoft's Software Assurance program. Windows Vista Ultimate contains the complete feature-set of both the Home and Business (combination of both Home Premium and Enterprise) editions, as well as a set of Windows Ultimate Extras, and is aimed at enthusiasts.
All editions except Windows Vista Starter support both 32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x64) processor architectures.
In the European Union, Home Basic N and Business N versions are also available. These come without Windows Media Player, due to EU sanctions brought against Microsoft for violating anti-trust laws. Similar sanctions exist in South Korea.

Visual styles

A comparison of the four visual styles included in Windows Vista.
Windows Vista has four distinct visual styles.[49][50]
Windows Aero
Vista's premier visual style, Windows Aero, is built on a new desktop composition engine called Desktop Window Manager. Windows Aero introduces support for 3D graphics (Windows Flip 3D), translucency effects (Glass), live thumbnails, window animations, and other visual effects, and is intended for mainstream and high-end video cards. To enable these features, the contents of every open window are stored in video memory to facilitate tearing-free movement of windows. As such, Windows Aero has significantly higher hardware requirements than its predecessors. The minimum requirement is for 128 MB of graphics memory, depending on resolution used.[51] Windows Aero (including Windows Flip 3D) is not included in the Starter and Home Basic editions.
Windows Vista Standard
This style is a variation of Windows Aero without the glass effects, window animations, and other advanced graphical effects such as Windows Flip 3D.[52] Like Windows Aero, it uses the Desktop Window Manager, and has generally the same video hardware requirements as Windows Aero. This visual style is included with Windows Vista Home Basic Edition as a replacement of Windows Aero style.
Windows Vista Basic
This style has aspects that are similar to Windows XP's "Luna" visual style with the addition of subtle animations such as those found on progress bars. It does not employ the Desktop Window Manager, as such, it does not feature transparency or translucency, window animation, Windows Flip 3D or any of the functions provided by the DWM. The Basic mode does not require the new Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) for display drivers, and has similar video card requirements to Windows XP. For computers with video cards that are not powerful enough to support Windows Aero, this is the default graphics mode. Prior to Service Pack 1, a machine that failed Windows Genuine Advantage validation would also default to this visual style.[53]
Windows Classic
The Windows Classic visual style is similar to that of Windows 2000 and Microsoft's Windows Server line of operating systems. It does not use the Desktop Window Manager, and does not require a WDDM driver. As with previous versions of Windows, this visual style supports color schemes, which are collections of color settings. Windows Vista includes six color schemes, comprised of four high-contrast color schemes and the default color schemes from Windows 98 (titled "Windows Classic") and Windows 2000/Windows Me (titled "Windows Standard").[52]

Hardware requirements
Computers capable of running Windows Vista are classified as Vista Capable and Vista Premium Ready.[54] A Vista Capable or equivalent PC is capable of running all editions of Windows Vista although some of the special features and high-end graphics options may require additional or more advanced hardware. A Vista Premium Ready PC can take advantage of Vista's high-end features.[55]
Windows Vista's Basic and Classic interfaces work with virtually any graphics hardware that supports Windows XP or 2000; accordingly, most discussion around Vista's graphics requirements centers on those for the Windows Aero interface. As of Windows Vista Beta 2, the NVIDIA GeForce 6 series and later, the ATI Radeon 9500 and later, Intel's GMA 950 and later integrated graphics, and a handful of VIA chipsets and S3 Graphics discrete chips are supported. Although originally supported, the GeForce FX 5 series has been dropped from newer drivers from NVIDIA. The last driver from NVIDIA to support the GeForce FX series on Vista was 96.85.[56][57] Microsoft offers a tool called the Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor[55] to assist Windows XP and Vista users in determining what versions of Windows their machine is capable of running. Although the installation media included in retail packages is a 32-bit DVD, customers needing a CD-ROM or customers who wish for a 64-bit install media are able to acquire this media through the Windows Vista Alternate Media program.[58] The Ultimate edition includes both 32-bit and 64-bit media.[59] The digitally downloaded version of Ultimate includes only one version, either 32-bit or 64-bit, from Windows Marketplace.
Windows Vista system requirements[51]
Vista Capable
Vista Premium Ready
Processor
800 MHz[60]
1 GHz
Memory
512 MB
1 GB
Graphics card
DirectX 9.0 capable
DirectX 9.0 capable and WDDM 1.0 driver support
Graphics memory
32 MB
128 MB
HDD capacity
20 GB
40 GB
HDD free space
15 GB
Other drives
DVD-ROM

Service packs
Microsoft occasionally releases service packs for its Windows operating systems to fix bugs and add new features.

Service Pack 1
Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) was released on February 4, 2008 alongside Windows Server 2008 to OEM partners, after a five-month beta test period. The initial deployment of the service pack caused a number of machines to continually reboot, rendering the machines unusable.[61] This caused Microsoft to temporarily suspend automatic deployment of the service pack until the problem was resolved. The synchronized release date of the two operating systems reflected the merging of the workstation and server kernels back into a single code base for the first time since Windows 2000. MSDN subscribers were able to download SP1 on February 15, 2008. SP1 became available to current Windows Vista users on Windows Update and the Download Center on March 18, 2008.[62][63][64] Initially, the service pack only supported 5 languages - English, French, Spanish, German and Japanese. Support for the remaining 31 languages was released on April 14, 2008.[65]
A whitepaper published by Microsoft near the end of August 2007 outlined the scope and intent of the service pack, identifying three major areas of improvement: reliability and performance, administration experience, and support for newer hardware and standards.
One area of particular note is performance. Areas of improvement include file copy operations, hibernation, logging off on domain-joined machines, JavaScript parsing in Internet Explorer, network file share browsing,[63] Windows Explorer ZIP file handling,[66] and Windows Disk Defragmenter.[67] The ability to choose individual drives to defragment is being reintroduced as well.[63]
Service Pack 1 introduces support for some new hardware and software standards, notably the exFAT file system,[63] 802.11n wireless networking,[68] IPv6 over VPN connections,[68] and the Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol. Booting a system using Extensible Firmware Interface on x64 systems is also being introduced;[63] this feature had originally been slated for the initial release of Vista but was delayed due to a lack of compatible hardware at the time.
Two areas have seen changes in SP1 that have come as the result of concerns from software vendors. One of these is desktop search; users will be able to change the default desktop search program to one provided by a third party instead of the Microsoft desktop search program that comes with Windows Vista, and desktop search programs will be able to seamlessly tie in their services into the operating system.[64] These changes come in part due to complaints from Google, whose Google Desktop Search application was hindered by the presence of Vista's built-in desktop search. In June 2007, Google claimed that the changes being introduced for SP1 "are a step in the right direction, but they should be improved further to give consumers greater access to alternate desktop search providers".[69] The other area of note is a set of new security APIs being introduced for the benefit of antivirus software that currently relies on the unsupported practice of patching the kernel (see Kernel Patch Protection).[70][71]
An update to DirectX 10, named DirectX 10.1,[63] makes mandatory several features which were previously optional in Direct3D 10 hardware. Graphics cards will be required to support DirectX 10.1.[72] SP1 includes a kernel (6001) that matches the version shipped with Windows Server 2008.
The Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is being replaced by the Group Policy Object Editor. An updated downloadable version of the Group Policy Management Console was released soon after the service pack.
SP1 enables support for hotpatching, a reboot-reduction servicing technology designed to maximize uptime. It works by allowing Windows components to be updated (or "patched") while they are still in use by a running process. Hotpatch-enabled update packages are installed via the same methods as traditional update packages, and will not trigger a system reboot.[73]

Service Pack 2
Service Pack 2 for Windows Vista was released to manufacturing on April 28, 2009,[74]and released to Microsoft Download Center and Windows Update on May 26, 2009[75]. In addition to a number of security and other fixes, a number of new features have been added. However, it did not include Internet Explorer 8:[76][77]
Windows Search 4.0 (currently available for SP1 systems as a standalone update)
Feature Pack for Wireless adds support for Bluetooth 2.1
Windows Feature Pack for Storage enables the data recording onto Blu-ray media
Windows Connect Now (WCN) to simplify Wi-Fi configuration
Improved support for resuming with active Wi-Fi connections
Enables the exFAT file system to support UTC timestamps, which allows correct file synchronization across time zones
Support for ICCD/CCID smart cards
Support for VIA 64-bit CPUs
Improves audio and video performance for streaming high-definition content
Improves Windows Media Center (WMC) in content protection for TV[78]
Provides an improved power management policy that is up to 10% more efficient than the original in some configurations
Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 share a single service pack binary, reflecting the fact that their code bases were joined with the release of Server 2008.[76]

Reception
Initially it was thought that the adoption of Vista has been generally low, due to largely poor reviews and harsh criticism, but a later Gartner research report predicted that Vista business adoption in 2008 will actually beat that of XP during the same time frame (21.3% vs. 16.9%)[79] while IDC had indicated that the launch of Windows Server 2008 served as a catalyst for the stronger adoption rates.[80][81] As of January 2009, Forrester Research had indicated that almost one third of North American and European corporations have started deploying Vista.[82] On a May 2009 conference, the Microsoft Vice President said for big businesses, "Adoption and deployment of Windows Vista has been slightly ahead of where we had been with XP".[83][84] In its first year of availability, PC World rated it as the biggest tech disappointment of 2007,[85] and it was rated by InfoWorld as #2 of Tech's all-time 25 flops.[86] The internet-usage market share for Windows Vista after two years of availability (as of January 2009) was 22.48%.[87] This figure combined with World Internet Users and Population Stats yielded a user base of roughly 350 million[11], which exceeded Microsoft's two-year post launch expectations by 150 million.[9] The present user base is roughly 390 million by the same statistical sources.
Within its first month, 20 million copies of Vista were sold, double the amount of Windows XP sales within its first month in October 2001, five years earlier.[88] However, PC World indicated that its visitor base of Windows Vista had increased at a much slower rate than what was originally predicted compared to that of Windows XP. [89] Due to Vista's relatively low adoption rates and continued demand for Windows XP, Microsoft continued to sell Windows XP until June 30, 2008 instead of the previously planned date of January 31, 2008.[90] There were reports of Vista users downgrading their operating systems, as well as reports of businesses planning to skip Vista.[91] A study conducted by ChangeWave in March 2008 showed that the percentage of corporate users who are "very satisfied" with Vista was dramatically lower than other operating systems, with Vista at 8%, compared to the 40% who said they were "very satisfied" with Windows XP.[8]
Amid the negative reviews and reception, there have also been significant positive reviews of Vista, most notable among PC gamers and the advantages brought about with DirectX 10, which allows for better gaming performance and more realistic graphics, as well as support for many new capabilities brought about in new video cards and GPUs.[92] However, many DirectX 9 games showed a drop in frame rate compared to that experienced in Windows XP.[93][94][95] These results were largely the consequence of Vista's immature graphics processing units drivers, and higher system requirements for Vista itself.[96][97] As of mid-2008, benchmarks suggest that Vista SP1 is now on par with Windows XP in terms of game performance.[98] A May 2009 survey by Valve Corporation indicated that 39.9% of gamers are running Windows Vista or Windows 7 beta (46% of which are 64-bit versions).[99]

Criticism
Main article: Criticism of Windows Vista
Windows Vista has received a number of negative assessments. Criticism targets include protracted development time, more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media,[100] and the usability of the new User Account Control security technology. Moreover, some concerns have been raised about many PCs meeting "Vista Premium Ready" hardware requirements and Vista's pricing.

Hardware requirements
While Microsoft claimed "nearly all PCs on the market today [2005] will run Windows Vista",[101] the higher requirements of some of the "premium" features, such as the Aero interface, have had an impact on many upgraders. According to the UK newspaper The Times in May 2006, the full set of features "would be available to less than 5 percent of Britain’s PC market", however, this prediction was made several months before Vista was released.[102] This continuing lack of clarity eventually led to a class action against Microsoft as people found themselves with new computers that were unable to use the new software to its full potential despite the assurance of "Vista Capable" designations.[103] The court case has made public internal Microsoft communications that indicate that senior executives have also had difficulty with this issue. For example, his laptop's lack of an appropriate graphics chip so hobbled Vista features that vice president Mike Nash (Corporate Vice President, Windows Product Management) commented "I now have a $2,100 e-mail machine."[104]

Licensing and cost
Criticism of upgrade licenses pertaining to Windows Vista Starter through Home Premium was expressed by Ars Technica's Ken Fisher, who noted that the new requirement of having a prior operating system already installed was going to cause irritation for users who reinstall Windows on a regular basis.[105] It has been revealed that an Upgrade copy of Windows Vista can be installed clean without first installing a previous version of Windows. On the first install, Windows will refuse to activate. The user must then reinstall that same copy of Vista. Vista will then activate on the reinstall, thus allowing a user to install an Upgrade of Windows Vista without owning a previous operating system.[106] As with Windows XP, separate rules still apply to OEM versions of Vista installed on new PCs: Microsoft asserts that these versions are not legally transferable (although whether this conflicts with the right of first sale has yet to be decided clearly legally).[107]
The cost of Windows Vista has also been a source of concern and commentary. A majority of users in a poll said that the prices of various Windows Vista editions posted on the Microsoft Canada website in August 2006 make the product too expensive.[108] A BBC News report on the day of Vista's release suggested that, "there may be a backlash from consumers over its pricing plans—with the cost of Vista versions in the US roughly half the price of equivalent versions in the UK."[109]

Digital rights management
Windows Vista supports additional forms of digital rights management protections. One aspect of this is the Protected Video Path, which is designed so that "premium content" from HD DVD or Blu-ray Discs may mandate that the connections between PC components be encrypted. Depending on what the content demands, the devices may not pass premium content over non-encrypted outputs, or they must artificially degrade the quality of the signal on such outputs or not display it at all. Drivers for such hardware must be approved by Microsoft; a revocation mechanism is also included which allows Microsoft to disable drivers of devices in end-user PCs over the Internet.[110] Peter Gutmann, security researcher and author of the open source cryptlib library, claims that these mechanisms violate fundamental rights of the user (such as fair use), unnecessarily increase the cost of hardware, and make systems less reliable (the "tilt bit" being a particular worry; if triggered, the entire graphic subsystem performs a reset) and vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks.[111] However despite several requests [112] for evidence supporting such claims Peter Gutman has never supported his claims with any researched evidence. Proponents have claimed that Microsoft had no choice but to follow the demands of the movie studios, and that the technology will not actually be enabled until after 2010;[113][114] Microsoft also noted that content protection mechanisms have existed in Windows as far back as Windows Me, and that the new protections will not apply to any existing content (only future content).[115]

User Account Control
Although UAC is considered an important part of Vista's security infrastructure, as it blocks software from silently gaining administrator privileges without the user's knowledge, it has been widely criticized for generating too many prompts. This has led many Vista UAC users to consider it annoying and tiresome, with some consequently either turning it off or putting it in auto-approval mode.[116] Responding to this criticism, Microsoft altered the implementation to reduce the number of prompts with SP1.[73] Though the changes have resulted in some improvement, it has not alleviated the concerns completely.[117]

The Mojave Experiment
Main article: The Mojave Experiment
In July 2008, Microsoft introduced a web-based advertising campaign called the "Mojave Experiment", that depicts a group of people who are asked to evaluate the newest operating system from Microsoft, calling it Windows 'Mojave'. Participants are first asked about Vista, if they have used it, and their overall satisfaction with Vista on a scale of 1 to 10. They are then shown a demo of some of the new operating system's features, and asked their opinion and satisfaction with it on the same 1 to 10 scale. After respondents rate "Mojave", they are then told that they were really shown a demo of Windows Vista. The object was to test "A theory: If people could see Windows Vista firsthand, they would like it." According to Microsoft, the initial sample of respondents rated Vista an average of 4.4 out of 10, and Mojave received an average of 8.5, with no respondents rating Mojave lower than they originally rated Windows Vista before the demo.[118][119] The experiment has been criticized for cherry-picking positive statements and not addressing all aspects of Vista.[120]

See also

Microsoft portal
Microsoft Security Essentials
History of Microsoft Windows
Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP

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